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1 etwas
etwas, I) im Gegensatz zu nichts; aliquid (wird gew. mit dem Genet. des dabeistehenden Substantivs verbunden, z.B. etwas Geld, aliquid nummulorum. Nach den Partikeln si, ne, quo, ut, num tritt st. aliquid das Pronom. indefinit. quid ein, wenn nicht auf jenem ein besonderer Nachdruck ruht. Mit bes. Nachdruck steht aliquid statt res magni momenti, res egregia. Zuw. auch Plur. a liqua, z.B. viele, die etwas schreiben, multi, qui aliqua componunt). – paulum aliquid (etwas weniges, eine Kleinigkeit, z.B. jmdm. geben, alci dare). – non nihil (irgend etwas, ein wenig, auch mit folg. Genet.; steht als leise Andeutung bes. dann, wenn man bescheiden reden will). – quidquam (irgend etwas, in negativen Sätzen). – quidam, quaedam, quoddam (etwas Gewisses, was ich nicht nennen kann oder mag, z.B. etwas Lebloses, inanimum quoddam: die Natur und das Wesen der Seele ist etwas ganz Eigenes, singularis est quaedam natura atque vis animi). – numquid. ecquid (in Fragen, etwa od. wohl etwas; vgl. »etwa« über ecquid). – ein gewisses Etwas, nescio quid (etwas, ich weiß nicht was); natura quaedam (etwas von Natur Eigenes, s. Cic. de div. 1, 15). – von jmd. etwas halten, alqm magni [847] facere. – das will etwas (d. i. viel) sagen, est aliquid; res est non contemnenda: das ist zwar etwas, aber bei weitem noch nicht alles, est istuc qui dem aliquid, sed nequaquam in isto sunt omnia. – sich für etwas halten, sich etwas einbilden, putare se esse aliquid: er scheint etwas zu sein, aliquid esse videtur. – II) im Gegensatz zu nichtpaulum, beim Komparativ paulo (ein wenig). – non nihil. aliquid (einigermaßen, in etwas, z.B. es tröstet mich etwas oder in etwas, wenn ich daran denke, non nihil me consolatur, cum recordor: sich in etwas unterscheiden, aliquid differre). – Bei Adjektiven wird »etwas«gewöhnlich durch den Komparativ ausgedrückt, mit u. ohne vorgesetztes paulo, z.B. etwas furchtsam, timidior: etwas länger, paulo longior (dem Maße nach); paulo diutius (der Zeit nach). – Häufig drücken es auch in diesem Falle die Lateiner durch eine mit der Präposit. sub zusammengesetzte Form des Wortes aus, das durch das beigesetzte »etwas« modifiziert wird, z.B. etwas zornig, subiratus: etwas häßlich, subturpis: etwas zürnen, subirasci.
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2 intra
intrā (st. inteā sc. parte, v. *interus, a, um), I) Adv. (Compar. interius, Superl. intimē), innerhalb, inwendig, auch (bei Verben der Bewegung) einwärts (Ggstz. extra), a) übh.: huius (fistulae) ea pars, quae intra, paulo longior esse debet, quam quae extra, Cels.: haec vasa et opercula extrinsecus et intra diligenter esse picata debebunt, Colum.: deni in quadram pedes quadraginta, per oram intra centum erunt, Quint.: (digitis) paulnm tamen inferioribus intra spectantibus (ein wenig einwärts gekehrt), sed ne illis quidem tensis, qui supra sunt, Quint. 11, 3, 98. – Compar. interius, mehr nach innen, innerlich, ipsa quoque interius cum duro lingua palato congelat, Ov.: rapiat sitiens interiusque recondat, Verg.: bilbl., spatium vitae interius flectere, den kürzesten Weg nehmen, sich einschränken, Sen.: ne (oratio) insistat interius, mitten im Lauf Halt mache, Cic.: si interius attendas, wenn du genauer aufmerkst, Iuven. – Superl. intimē, s. bes. – b) im Binnenlande, im Binnenmeere (Ggstz. extra), intra vix iam homines (habitant), Mela. – ora et litora ut intra (im Mittelmeere) et extra (im Atlant. Ozean) sunt, Mela: u. so abunde orbe terrarum extra intraque indicato, Plin. – Compar. interius, weiter hinein, mehr im Binnenlande od. (bei Verben der Bewegung) in das Binnenland, interius Bithyni sunt, Mela: Ionium in prima parte, int. Hadriaticum, Plin.: int. penetrare, Vell.: int. pergere, Amm. – II) Praepos. m. Acc. = innerhalb (Ggstz. extra), A) eig., v. Raume: 1) übh.: intra pectus, Plaut.: intra extraque munitiones, Caes.: intra montem, Cic.: intra Oceanum, Cic.: intra parietes, Cic.: intra vallum et foris, Nep.: intra eam (urbem) extraque, Liv.: intra domum, Tac.: intra se, (= secum), bei sich, Plin. u. Curt. – 2) = in, hinein in, ingredi intra finem loci, Cic.: se recipere intra fines, Caes. – B) übtr.: 1) v. der Zeit = innerhalb, binnen, noch vor Ablauf (s. Eberhard Cic. de imp. Pomp. 68. Heräus Tac. hist. 2, 70, 3), intra tot annos, Cic.: intra decem annorum spatium, Liv.: intra vicesimum diem, Liv.: intra quadragesimum pugnae diem, Tac.: intra Kalendas, Plin.: intra iuventam, im Verlaufe meiner Jugend, Tac.: mit folg. quam (als, da), intra decimum diem, quam venerat, Liv.: intra quartum diem, quam Herium filium amiserat, Sen. rhet. – 2) v. Zahlbestimmungen, unter = weniger als, intra centum, Liv. – 3) v. anderen Grenz-, Maßbestimmungen, innerhalb, beschränkt auf, intra se consumunt, unter sich (lassen nichts durch Verkauf usw. an andere kommen), Plin.: intra nosmet componimus, Quint.: intra vos futura, unter euch bleiben, Plin. ep. – intra (beschränkt auf) paucos libertos domus, Tac.: se intra silentium tenere, Schweigen beobachten, Plin. ep.: intra verba desipiunt, nur in Worten, Cels.: ebenso intra verba peccare, Curt.: cedere intra finem iuris, innerhalb der Schranken des R., Liv.: intra aquam manere, nur W. trinken, Cels.: intra fortunam manere, in den Grenzen seines Standes bleiben, Ov.: intra famam esse, hinter seinem Rufe zurückbleiben (v. Schriften), Quint.: hoc facere intra modum, darin eher zu wenig als zu viel tun, Cic.: intra legem epulari, unter der Linie des G. (= geringer, als nach den Gesetzen erlaubt ist), Cic. – / intra seinem Kasus nachgesetzt, zB. lucem intra, Tac. ann. 4, 48.
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3 intra
intrā (st. inteā sc. parte, v. *interus, a, um), I) Adv. (Compar. interius, Superl. intimē), innerhalb, inwendig, auch (bei Verben der Bewegung) einwärts (Ggstz. extra), a) übh.: huius (fistulae) ea pars, quae intra, paulo longior esse debet, quam quae extra, Cels.: haec vasa et opercula extrinsecus et intra diligenter esse picata debebunt, Colum.: deni in quadram pedes quadraginta, per oram intra centum erunt, Quint.: (digitis) paulnm tamen inferioribus intra spectantibus (ein wenig einwärts gekehrt), sed ne illis quidem tensis, qui supra sunt, Quint. 11, 3, 98. – Compar. interius, mehr nach innen, innerlich, ipsa quoque interius cum duro lingua palato congelat, Ov.: rapiat sitiens interiusque recondat, Verg.: bilbl., spatium vitae interius flectere, den kürzesten Weg nehmen, sich einschränken, Sen.: ne (oratio) insistat interius, mitten im Lauf Halt mache, Cic.: si interius attendas, wenn du genauer aufmerkst, Iuven. – Superl. intimē, s. bes. – b) im Binnenlande, im Binnenmeere (Ggstz. extra), intra vix iam homines (habitant), Mela. – ora et litora ut intra (im Mittelmeere) et extra (im Atlant. Ozean) sunt, Mela: u. so abunde orbe terrarum extra intraque indicato, Plin. – Compar. interius, weiter hinein, meh r im Binnenlande od. (bei Verben der Bewegung) in das Binnenland, interius Bithyni sunt, Mela: Ionium in prima parte, int. Ha-————driaticum, Plin.: int. penetrare, Vell.: int. pergere, Amm. – II) Praepos. m. Acc. = innerhalb (Ggstz. extra), A) eig., v. Raume: 1) übh.: intra pectus, Plaut.: intra extraque munitiones, Caes.: intra montem, Cic.: intra Oceanum, Cic.: intra parietes, Cic.: intra vallum et foris, Nep.: intra eam (urbem) extraque, Liv.: intra domum, Tac.: intra se, (= secum), bei sich, Plin. u. Curt. – 2) = in, hinein in, ingredi intra finem loci, Cic.: se recipere intra fines, Caes. – B) übtr.: 1) v. der Zeit = innerhalb, binnen, noch vor Ablauf (s. Eberhard Cic. de imp. Pomp. 68. Heräus Tac. hist. 2, 70, 3), intra tot annos, Cic.: intra decem annorum spatium, Liv.: intra vicesimum diem, Liv.: intra quadragesimum pugnae diem, Tac.: intra Kalendas, Plin.: intra iuventam, im Verlaufe meiner Jugend, Tac.: mit folg. quam (als, da), intra decimum diem, quam venerat, Liv.: intra quartum diem, quam Herium filium amiserat, Sen. rhet. – 2) v. Zahlbestimmungen, unter = weniger als, intra centum, Liv. – 3) v. anderen Grenz-, Maßbestimmungen, innerhalb, beschränkt auf, intra se consumunt, unter sich (lassen nichts durch Verkauf usw. an andere kommen), Plin.: intra nosmet componimus, Quint.: intra vos futura, unter euch bleiben, Plin. ep. – intra (beschränkt auf) paucos libertos domus, Tac.: se intra silentium tenere, Schweigen beobachten, Plin. ep.: intra verba desipiunt, nur in Worten, Cels.: ebenso intra verba————peccare, Curt.: cedere intra finem iuris, innerhalb der Schranken des R., Liv.: intra aquam manere, nur W. trinken, Cels.: intra fortunam manere, in den Grenzen seines Standes bleiben, Ov.: intra famam esse, hinter seinem Rufe zurückbleiben (v. Schriften), Quint.: hoc facere intra modum, darin eher zu wenig als zu viel tun, Cic.: intra legem epulari, unter der Linie des G. (= geringer, als nach den Gesetzen erlaubt ist), Cic. – ⇒ intra seinem Kasus nachgesetzt, zB. lucem intra, Tac. ann. 4, 48. -
4 longus
longus, a, um, adj. [cf. langazô, longazô], long.I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.longo interjecto intervallo,
Cic. Off. 1, 9, 30:longissima epistula,
id. Att. 16, 11:Rhenus longo spatio citatus fertur,
Caes. B. G. 4, 9:proficisci longissimo agmine,
id. ib. 5, 31:stant longis annixi hastis,
Verg. A. 9, 229:umbilicus septem pedes longus,
Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 212:longa folia habet fere ad tres digitos,
id. 27, 12, 86, § 110:ferrum autem tres longum habebat pedes,
in length, Liv. 21, 8:scrobes faciemus tribus pedibus longas,
Pall. 2, 10: longa navis, a war-ship, manof-war, on account of its shape, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 11, 326 (Ann. v. 468 Vahl.); [p. 1077] Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 5: longus versus, the heroic hexameter, Enn. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 68; Diom. p. 493 P.; Isid. Orig. 1, 38:longa atque insignis honorum pagina,
Juv. 10, 57:sesquipede est quam tu longior,
taller, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 58:longus homo, i. q. longurio,
a tall fellow, long-shanks, Cat. 67, 47; so,Maura,
Juv. 10, 223: longa manus, a long, far-reaching, mighty hand:an nescis longas regibus esse manus,
Ov. H. 17, 166;on the contrary: attulimus longas in freta vestra manus,
unmutilated, uninjured, Prop. 3, 5, 14 (4, 6, 60).—In partic., far off, remote, distant, = longinquus (post-Aug. and very rare):C.remeans longis oris,
Sil. 6, 628:longa a domo militia,
Just. 18, 1: longas terras peragrare, Auct. Decl. Quint. 320.—Great, vast, spacious ( poet.):II.pontus,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 37; 3, 27, 43:Olympus,
Verg. G. 3, 223:classemque ex aethere longo prospexit,
id. A. 7, 288:caelum,
Ov. M. 6, 64.—Transf., of time, long, of long duration or continuance, tedious:A.in tam longa aetate,
Cic. de Sen. 19, 66:vita longior,
id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:horae quibus exspectabam longae videbantur,
id. Att. 12, 5, 4:uno die longior mensis,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129:longa interjecta mora,
Caes. B. C. 3, 69:post longum tempus,
Sen. Contr. 7, 17, 2; 9, 28, 12:per longum tempus,
Suet. Ner. 57:vita,
Liv. 2, 40, 6; 9, 17, 6:spatium (sc. temporis),
id. 9, 18, 10:error,
protracted, id. 5, 33:caedes,
id. 6, 8, 7:longi aliorum principatus,
Tac. H. 2, 55:longae pacis mala,
Juv. 6, 292:bellum,
Quint. 3, 8, 56:memoriam nostri longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3:morbus,
Liv. 27, 23, 6; Cels. 3, 1, 1:longo tempore,
after a long interval, Verg. A. 3, 309; cf.:longo post tempore,
id. E. 1, 29:longa dies,
length of days, a long life, Juv. 10, 265:longa syllaba,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183:littera,
id. Or. 48, 159:syllabae,
Quint. 9, 4, 36:vocalis,
id. 9, 4, 85:longae pretium virtutis,
Luc. 2, 258:longa Lethe,
id. 6, 769: in rebus apertissimis nimis longi sumus; Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:exordium nimis longum,
Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11:longior quam oportet sermo,
Quint. 8, 3, 53:nulla de morte hominis cunctatio longa est,
Juv. 6, 221:quantis longa senectus plena malis,
id. 10, 190; 14, 251.—Hence:longum est,
it would take long, it would be tedious, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 156:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12: experire;non est longum,
id. Phil. 3, 2, 10:arcessere tormenta longum videbatur,
Tac. H. 3, 71. —Ellipt., without inf., Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 19: ne longum sit, ne longum faciam, not to be tedious, to speak briefly:ac, ne longum sit, Quirites, tabellas proferri jussimus,
id. Cat. 3, 5, 10:ac ne longum fiat, videte,
id. Leg. 2, 10, 24:ne longum faciam: dum tu quadrante lavatum Rex ibis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 137: longius facere, to defer or put off any longer:nihil opus est exemplis id facere longius,
Cic. Fin. 5, 6, 16; id. Leg. 1, 7, 22: nihil est mihi longius, nothing makes time seem longer to me than, i. e. I am full of impatience, can hardly wait for:respondit, nihil sibi longius fuisse, quam ut me viderit,
id. Fam. 11, 27, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39;but: nec mihi longius quicquam est quam videre hominum voltus,
nothing is more tedious, id. Rab. Post. 12, 35: in longum, long, for a long time:nec in longum dilata res,
Liv. 5, 16:in longum dilata conclusio,
drawn out tediously, Quint. 8, 2, 22:causando nostros in longum ducis amores,
Verg. E. 9, 56:otium ejus rei haud in longum paravit,
Tac. A. 3, 27; 11, 20:in longum sufficere,
id. H. 4, 22:odia in longum jaciens, ia. A. 1, 69: nec in longius consultans,
id. H. 2, 95: per longum, for a long time:per longum celata fames,
Sil. 2, 465: ex longo, for a long time back:collecta fatigat edendi Ex longo rabies,
Verg. A. 9, 64: longa spes, that looks far ahead, reaching far into futurity:vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; Stat. Th. 1, 322.—Of persons, prolix, tedious:nolo esse longus,
Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:in verbis nimius et compositione nonnumquam longior,
Quint. 10, 1, 118:(testis) longus protrahi potest,
id. 5, 7, 26:longus spe ( = tardus et difficilis ad sperandum),
slow to hope, Hor. A. P. 172.— Hence, adv., in three forms.Form longē, long, in length.1.Lit., a long way off, far, far off, at a distance, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95: ab eo oppido non longe fanum est Junonis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 46, § 103:2.longe absum, audio sero,
id. Fam. 2, 7, 1:quam longe est hinc in saltum Gallicanum,
id. Quint. 25, 79:longe mihi obviam processerunt,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65: longe lateque collucere, in length and breadth, i. e. far and wide, everywhere, id. N D. 2, 15, 40:Di vim suam longe lateque dmundunt,
id. Div. 1, 36, 79:longe gradi,
to take long steps, Verg. A. 10, 572:Vercingetorix locum castris delegit ab Avarico longe millia passuum XVI.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 16:Rhenum non longe a mari transire,
id. ib. 4, 1, 1:tu autem abes longe gentium,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf. id. Fam. 12, 22, 2.— Comp.:fontes longius a praesidiis aberant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:longius non discedam,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 fin.:longius meare,
Col. 9, 8, 9.—Trop.a.Of time, long, for a long period (but, acc. to some, not in positive; and the foll. passages are to be understood locally; v. Forbig. ad Verg. A. 5, 406; 10, 317):b.longe prospicere futuros casus,
Cic. Lael. 12, 40:stupet Dares, longeque recusat,
Verg. A. 5, 406:nec longe,
id. ib. 10, 317:quae venientia longe ante videris,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 29.— Comp.:Varro vitam Naevii producit longius,
Cic. Brut. 15, 60:paulo longius tolerare,
Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4:longius anno remanere,
id. ib. 4, 1, 7; Nep. Att. 2, 4; Sall. C. 29, 1.— Sup.: quamdudum in portum venis huc? Ep. Longissime, Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 24:quid longissime meministi in patria tua,
id. Men. 5, 9, 52:quoad longissime potest mens mea respicere,
Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—Of speech, long, at length, diffusely:c.haec dixi longius quam instituta ratio postulabat,
Cic. Or. 48, 162:longius aliquid circumducere,
Quint. 10, 2, 17.—Longe esse, abesse.(α).To be far away, i. e. to be of no assistance, of no avail:(β).longe iis fraternum nomen populi Romani afuturum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36:longe illi dea mater erit,
Verg. A. 12, 52:quam tibi nunc longe regnum dotale Creusae,
Ov. H. 12, 53:longe conjugia, ac longe Tyrios hymenaeos Inter Dardanias acies fore,
Sil. 17, 80; Petr. 58.—Longe esse ab aliqua re, to be far from, i. e. destitute of a thing:d.ut ab eloquentia longissime fuerint,
Quint. 8 prooem. § 3.—Widely, greatly, much, very much, by far; esp. with sup. and ( poet. and post-Aug. = multo) comp.:e.errat longe,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 40:longe ante videre,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 14; Liv. 1, 19, 12:longe melior,
Verg. A. 9, 556:minor,
Liv. 24, 28, 5:longe acrius,
Tac. A. 4, 40:praestantior,
Curt. 10, 3, 10; Suet. Calig. 5; Quint. 10, 1, 67:tumultuosior,
Vell. 2, 74:proelium longe magis prosperum,
id. 2, 51:longe omnium longissima est,
Plaut. Most. 8, 3, 8:longe nobilissimus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 2:longe doctissimus,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 3:longe plurimum ingenio valuisse videtur,
Cic. Brut. 14, 35:longe princeps,
id. Fam. 13, 13:longe praestare,
id. Brut. 64, 230:ceteris antecellere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:anteponere alicui rei aliquid,
id. de Or. 1, 21, 98:dissentire,
id. Lael. 9, 32 init.:quod longe secus est,
id. ib. 9, 29 fin.:longe aliter se habet ac,
id. Ac. 2, 31, 101:longe dissimilis contentio,
id. Sull. 17, 49:longe ante alias specie insignis,
Liv. 1, 9:sciunt longe aliud esse virgines rapere, aliud pugnare cum viris,
id. 1, 12, 8:longe mihi alia mens est,
Sall. C. 52, 2:a quo mea longissime ratio... abhorrebat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 10:longissime diversa ratio est,
id. Phil. 5, 18, 49:(istae facultates) longe sunt diversae,
id. de Or. 1, 49, 215:longe omnes multumque superare,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:longe et multum antecellere,
id. Mur. 13, 29.—Repeated:plurimum et longe longeque plurimum tribuere honestati,
Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68:sed longe cunctis longeque potentior illa,
Ov. M. 4, 325; so Gell. 14, 1.—In post-class. Lat. = valde:* B. C.longe gravis,
Stat. Th. 10, 140:longe opulentus,
App. M. 1, p. 112, 1:par studiis aevique modis sed robore longe (sc. impar),
far from equal, Stat. Achill. 1, 176.—Form longum, long, a long while ( poet.):nimis longum loquor,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 40:nimis diu et longam loquor,
id. Ps. 2, 3, 21:nec longum laetabere,
Verg. A. 10, 740; Ov. M. 5, 65:clamare,
Hor. A. P. 459; Juv. 6, 65; Stat. Th. 7, 300; 10, 467. -
5 moltus
multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.I.Posit.A.In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):B.multi fortissimi viri,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:rationes,
id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:multae et magnae contentiones,
many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:O multas et graves offensiones,
id. Att. 11, 7, 3:multi et graves dolores,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:multi et varii timores,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:multae bonaeque artes animi,
Sall. J. 28, 5:multa et clara facinora,
Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:multi improbi,
Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:multi boni, docti, prudentes,
id. Fl. 4, 8:multi nobiles,
id. Planc. 20, 50:multa acerba habuit ille annus,
id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:multa infanda,
Liv. 28, 12, 5:multa falsa,
id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:multa secunda proelia,
victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:multa libera capita,
freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:multae liberae civitates,
republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:multos fortes viros,
id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:multi clari viri,
noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:multi primarii viri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:multi clarissimi viri,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:multi amplissimi viri,
id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:multi honestissimi homines,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:multi peritissimi homines,
id. Caecin. 24, 69:multi summi homines,
id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,
id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:in veteribus patronis multis,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:multa praeterea bella gravia,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:multis suppliciis justis,
id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,
id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:plurima signa pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:virtutes animi multae et magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:causas ille multas et graves habuit,
id. Clu. 30, 82;and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,
id. Cael. 5, 12:prodigia multa, foeda,
Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:multi hominum,
Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:multae silvestrium arborum,
id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:nimium multa,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:nimis multa,
id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:insulae non ita multae,
not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:parum multa scire,
too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,
as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:minime multi remiges,
exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,
id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,
Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,
Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,
with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:multa prece prosequi,
id. C. 4, 5, 33:multa victima,
Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:avis,
id. Am. 3, 5, 4:tabella,
Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,
Cic. Pis. 27, 67:multo labore quaerere aliquid,
with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:cura,
Sall. J. 7, 4:sol,
much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,
Liv. 23, 30, 2:multum sanguinem haurire,
Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:multam harenam mare evomit,
id. 4, 6, 8:arbor,
id. 7, 4, 26:silva,
id. 8, 10, 14:multae vestis injectu opprimi,
Tac. A. 6, 50:multa et lauta supellex,
Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:aurum,
Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:libertas,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:multam salutem dicere alicui,
to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:cum auro et argento multo,
Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:Itaque multum diei processerat,
a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:ad multum diem,
till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:multo adhuc die,
when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:multo denique die,
when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:multa nocte,
late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:multo mane,
very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:multa opinio, for multorum,
the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:velut multa pace,
as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:multus homo,
one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,
id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:unus de multis esse,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,
id. Brut. 79, 274:numerarer in multis,
among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:e multis una sit tibi,
no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:multum est,
it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,
Cic. Clu. 64, 181:ne multis: Diogenes emitur,
id. ib. 16, 47:quid multis moror?
Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:multa reluctari,
Verg. G. 4, 301:gemens,
id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:deos testatus,
id. ib. 7, 593:invehi,
Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):haud multa moratus,
Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:in multum velociores,
by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—In partic.1.Too much, overmuch, excessive:2.supellex modica, non multa,
Nep. Att. 13, 5.—In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:3.qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,
id. ib. 2, 87, 358:nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,
id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—Frequent, frequently present:A.in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,
Sall. J. 96, 3:multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,
was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!
troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:instare,
Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):B.salve multum, gnate mi,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:multum vale,
farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 2, 42:opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,
not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,
often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,
id. Brut. 34, 128:non multum confidere,
not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:sunt in venationibus,
often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,
Cic. Brut. 48, 178:multum fuisse cum aliquo,
to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:gratia valere,
to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:res multum et saepe quaesita,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:longe omnes multumque superabit,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:multum et diu cogitans,
id. Div. 2, 1, 1:diu multumque scriptitare,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:multum loquaces,
very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:mepti labores,
very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:multum robustior illo,
Juv. 19, 197:majora,
Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:haud multum infra viam,
Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:haud multum post mortem ejus,
Tac. A. 5, 3:ut multum,
at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).1.With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:2.multo tanto carior,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:pauciores oratores,
Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:facilius atque expeditius iter,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,
Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:multo ceteros anteibant,
Tac. H. 4, 13:multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,
Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:multo mavolo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:3.quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:simulacrum multo antiquissimum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:maxima pars,
id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:multo id bellum maximum fuit,
Liv. 1, 11, 5:pars multo maxima,
id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:multo gratissima lux,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:foedissimum,
Quint. 9, 4, 72:optimum,
id. ib. 26:pulcherrimum,
id. 1, 2, 24:utilissima,
id. 2, 10, 1:maxime,
Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:multo maxime miserabile,
Sall. C. 36, 4:multo maxime ingenio validus,
id. J. 6, 1.—With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:4.multo aliter,
Ter. And. prol. 4:multo aliter ac sperabat,
far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:quod non multo secus fieret, si,
not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:5.non multo ante urbem captam,
Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:non multo ante,
not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:multo ante,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non multo post, quam, etc.,
not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:haud multo ante solis occasum,
Liv. 5, 39, 2:multo ante noctem,
id. 27, 42, 13.—Very rarely with the positive for multum:6.maligna multo,
very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:II.multo multoque longior,
far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:multo multoque operosius est,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.A.In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;(β).so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:ne plus minusve loqueretur,
Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,
Mart. 8, 71, 4:aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,
too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,
and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,
Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,
id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:valet enim salus plus quam libido,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—With a partitive gen.:(γ).vultis pecuniae plus habere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,
id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,plus virium,
id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:plus hostium,
Liv. 2, 42:plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:plus ingenii,
id. ib. 1, 14, 22:Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,
as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):(δ).non plus quam semel,
Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:ne plus reddat quam acceperit,
id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,
into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:plus quam decem dies abesse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,
with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—Without quam:(ε).HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,
Liv. 24, 44:plus milies audivi,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:non plus mille quingentos aeris,
id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,
Liv. 31, 34:cum plus annum aeger fuisset,
id. 40, 2:parte plus dimidia rem auctam,
id. 29, 25.—With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:2.VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,
more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:ex his alius alio plus habet virium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,
or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:plus aequo,
Cic. Lael. 16, 58:plus paulo,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:paulo plus,
Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:plus nimio,
overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,
one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:3.ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,
of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:ager multo pluris est,
is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:pluris emere,
dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,vendere,
id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:aedificare,
Col. 1, 4, 7:pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,
id. ib. 8, 2, 4:facere aliquem pluris,
make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:pluris habere,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:aestimare,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:ducere,
id. Att. 7, 3, 5:putare,
id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—4.Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—* 5.Like magis, with an adj.:B.plus formosus, for formosior,
Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—In the plur.1.Comparatively, more in number:2.omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:multo plura,
many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;b.1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18:plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,
id. B. C. 3, 52:summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,
Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,
id. 8, 4, 27:quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,
Cic. Clu. 41, 115:eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;without verba: quid ego plura dicam?
id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:pluribus haec exsecutus sum,
Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,
what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,
id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Esp.: plures.(α).The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—(β).Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:(γ).quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—The greater number, the majority:III.plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,
Vulg. Act. 19, 32.Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):(β).hujus sunt plurima simulacra,
Caes. B. G. 6, 17:nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:plurimae et maximae partes,
id. ib. 1, 4, 8:plurimorum seculorum memoria,
id. ib. 3, 9, 14:haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,
id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:me plurima praeda onustum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:sermo,
Quint. 2, 2, 5:risus,
id. 6, 3, 85:res,
id. 6, 1, 51:exercitatio,
id. 8 prooem. §28: mons,
very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:cervix,
id. G. 3, 52:Aetna,
Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,
very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:coma plurima,
very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,
mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,
many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,oleaster plurimus,
Verg. G. 2, 183:qua plurima mittitur ales,
Mart. 9, 56, 1:plurima lecta rosa est,
Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):ut haberet quam plurimum,
as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,
id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,
id. ib. 2, 9, 16:si vero populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:plurimum aliis praestare,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:ut te plurimum diligam,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,
id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,
Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,
Min. Fel. Oct. 22:gratulor,
id. ib. 40:(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,
at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,cum plurimum,
id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:(γ).artis,
Quint. 10, 5, 3:auctoritatis et ponderis,
id. 9, 4, 91:ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,
id. 10, 3, 1:virtutum,
id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—In the gen. pretii:plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,
values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,
Nep. Eum. 2, 2:ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48. -
6 multi
multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.I.Posit.A.In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):B.multi fortissimi viri,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:rationes,
id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:multae et magnae contentiones,
many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:O multas et graves offensiones,
id. Att. 11, 7, 3:multi et graves dolores,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:multi et varii timores,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:multae bonaeque artes animi,
Sall. J. 28, 5:multa et clara facinora,
Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:multi improbi,
Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:multi boni, docti, prudentes,
id. Fl. 4, 8:multi nobiles,
id. Planc. 20, 50:multa acerba habuit ille annus,
id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:multa infanda,
Liv. 28, 12, 5:multa falsa,
id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:multa secunda proelia,
victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:multa libera capita,
freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:multae liberae civitates,
republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:multos fortes viros,
id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:multi clari viri,
noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:multi primarii viri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:multi clarissimi viri,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:multi amplissimi viri,
id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:multi honestissimi homines,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:multi peritissimi homines,
id. Caecin. 24, 69:multi summi homines,
id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,
id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:in veteribus patronis multis,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:multa praeterea bella gravia,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:multis suppliciis justis,
id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,
id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:plurima signa pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:virtutes animi multae et magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:causas ille multas et graves habuit,
id. Clu. 30, 82;and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,
id. Cael. 5, 12:prodigia multa, foeda,
Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:multi hominum,
Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:multae silvestrium arborum,
id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:nimium multa,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:nimis multa,
id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:insulae non ita multae,
not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:parum multa scire,
too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,
as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:minime multi remiges,
exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,
id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,
Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,
Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,
with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:multa prece prosequi,
id. C. 4, 5, 33:multa victima,
Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:avis,
id. Am. 3, 5, 4:tabella,
Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,
Cic. Pis. 27, 67:multo labore quaerere aliquid,
with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:cura,
Sall. J. 7, 4:sol,
much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,
Liv. 23, 30, 2:multum sanguinem haurire,
Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:multam harenam mare evomit,
id. 4, 6, 8:arbor,
id. 7, 4, 26:silva,
id. 8, 10, 14:multae vestis injectu opprimi,
Tac. A. 6, 50:multa et lauta supellex,
Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:aurum,
Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:libertas,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:multam salutem dicere alicui,
to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:cum auro et argento multo,
Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:Itaque multum diei processerat,
a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:ad multum diem,
till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:multo adhuc die,
when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:multo denique die,
when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:multa nocte,
late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:multo mane,
very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:multa opinio, for multorum,
the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:velut multa pace,
as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:multus homo,
one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,
id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:unus de multis esse,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,
id. Brut. 79, 274:numerarer in multis,
among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:e multis una sit tibi,
no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:multum est,
it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,
Cic. Clu. 64, 181:ne multis: Diogenes emitur,
id. ib. 16, 47:quid multis moror?
Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:multa reluctari,
Verg. G. 4, 301:gemens,
id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:deos testatus,
id. ib. 7, 593:invehi,
Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):haud multa moratus,
Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:in multum velociores,
by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—In partic.1.Too much, overmuch, excessive:2.supellex modica, non multa,
Nep. Att. 13, 5.—In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:3.qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,
id. ib. 2, 87, 358:nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,
id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—Frequent, frequently present:A.in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,
Sall. J. 96, 3:multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,
was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!
troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:instare,
Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):B.salve multum, gnate mi,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:multum vale,
farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 2, 42:opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,
not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,
often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,
id. Brut. 34, 128:non multum confidere,
not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:sunt in venationibus,
often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,
Cic. Brut. 48, 178:multum fuisse cum aliquo,
to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:gratia valere,
to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:res multum et saepe quaesita,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:longe omnes multumque superabit,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:multum et diu cogitans,
id. Div. 2, 1, 1:diu multumque scriptitare,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:multum loquaces,
very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:mepti labores,
very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:multum robustior illo,
Juv. 19, 197:majora,
Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:haud multum infra viam,
Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:haud multum post mortem ejus,
Tac. A. 5, 3:ut multum,
at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).1.With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:2.multo tanto carior,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:pauciores oratores,
Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:facilius atque expeditius iter,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,
Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:multo ceteros anteibant,
Tac. H. 4, 13:multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,
Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:multo mavolo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:3.quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:simulacrum multo antiquissimum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:maxima pars,
id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:multo id bellum maximum fuit,
Liv. 1, 11, 5:pars multo maxima,
id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:multo gratissima lux,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:foedissimum,
Quint. 9, 4, 72:optimum,
id. ib. 26:pulcherrimum,
id. 1, 2, 24:utilissima,
id. 2, 10, 1:maxime,
Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:multo maxime miserabile,
Sall. C. 36, 4:multo maxime ingenio validus,
id. J. 6, 1.—With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:4.multo aliter,
Ter. And. prol. 4:multo aliter ac sperabat,
far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:quod non multo secus fieret, si,
not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:5.non multo ante urbem captam,
Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:non multo ante,
not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:multo ante,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non multo post, quam, etc.,
not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:haud multo ante solis occasum,
Liv. 5, 39, 2:multo ante noctem,
id. 27, 42, 13.—Very rarely with the positive for multum:6.maligna multo,
very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:II.multo multoque longior,
far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:multo multoque operosius est,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.A.In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;(β).so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:ne plus minusve loqueretur,
Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,
Mart. 8, 71, 4:aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,
too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,
and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,
Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,
id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:valet enim salus plus quam libido,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—With a partitive gen.:(γ).vultis pecuniae plus habere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,
id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,plus virium,
id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:plus hostium,
Liv. 2, 42:plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:plus ingenii,
id. ib. 1, 14, 22:Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,
as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):(δ).non plus quam semel,
Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:ne plus reddat quam acceperit,
id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,
into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:plus quam decem dies abesse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,
with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—Without quam:(ε).HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,
Liv. 24, 44:plus milies audivi,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:non plus mille quingentos aeris,
id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,
Liv. 31, 34:cum plus annum aeger fuisset,
id. 40, 2:parte plus dimidia rem auctam,
id. 29, 25.—With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:2.VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,
more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:ex his alius alio plus habet virium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,
or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:plus aequo,
Cic. Lael. 16, 58:plus paulo,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:paulo plus,
Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:plus nimio,
overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,
one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:3.ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,
of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:ager multo pluris est,
is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:pluris emere,
dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,vendere,
id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:aedificare,
Col. 1, 4, 7:pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,
id. ib. 8, 2, 4:facere aliquem pluris,
make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:pluris habere,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:aestimare,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:ducere,
id. Att. 7, 3, 5:putare,
id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—4.Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—* 5.Like magis, with an adj.:B.plus formosus, for formosior,
Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—In the plur.1.Comparatively, more in number:2.omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:multo plura,
many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;b.1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18:plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,
id. B. C. 3, 52:summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,
Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,
id. 8, 4, 27:quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,
Cic. Clu. 41, 115:eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;without verba: quid ego plura dicam?
id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:pluribus haec exsecutus sum,
Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,
what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,
id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Esp.: plures.(α).The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—(β).Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:(γ).quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—The greater number, the majority:III.plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,
Vulg. Act. 19, 32.Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):(β).hujus sunt plurima simulacra,
Caes. B. G. 6, 17:nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:plurimae et maximae partes,
id. ib. 1, 4, 8:plurimorum seculorum memoria,
id. ib. 3, 9, 14:haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,
id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:me plurima praeda onustum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:sermo,
Quint. 2, 2, 5:risus,
id. 6, 3, 85:res,
id. 6, 1, 51:exercitatio,
id. 8 prooem. §28: mons,
very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:cervix,
id. G. 3, 52:Aetna,
Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,
very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:coma plurima,
very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,
mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,
many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,oleaster plurimus,
Verg. G. 2, 183:qua plurima mittitur ales,
Mart. 9, 56, 1:plurima lecta rosa est,
Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):ut haberet quam plurimum,
as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,
id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,
id. ib. 2, 9, 16:si vero populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:plurimum aliis praestare,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:ut te plurimum diligam,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,
id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,
Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,
Min. Fel. Oct. 22:gratulor,
id. ib. 40:(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,
at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,cum plurimum,
id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:(γ).artis,
Quint. 10, 5, 3:auctoritatis et ponderis,
id. 9, 4, 91:ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,
id. 10, 3, 1:virtutum,
id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—In the gen. pretii:plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,
values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,
Nep. Eum. 2, 2:ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48. -
7 multus
multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.I.Posit.A.In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):B.multi fortissimi viri,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:rationes,
id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:multae et magnae contentiones,
many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:O multas et graves offensiones,
id. Att. 11, 7, 3:multi et graves dolores,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:multi et varii timores,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:multae bonaeque artes animi,
Sall. J. 28, 5:multa et clara facinora,
Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:multi improbi,
Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:multi boni, docti, prudentes,
id. Fl. 4, 8:multi nobiles,
id. Planc. 20, 50:multa acerba habuit ille annus,
id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:multa infanda,
Liv. 28, 12, 5:multa falsa,
id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:multa secunda proelia,
victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:multa libera capita,
freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:multae liberae civitates,
republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:multos fortes viros,
id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:multi clari viri,
noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:multi primarii viri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:multi clarissimi viri,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:multi amplissimi viri,
id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:multi honestissimi homines,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:multi peritissimi homines,
id. Caecin. 24, 69:multi summi homines,
id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,
id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:in veteribus patronis multis,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:multa praeterea bella gravia,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:multis suppliciis justis,
id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,
id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:plurima signa pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:virtutes animi multae et magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:causas ille multas et graves habuit,
id. Clu. 30, 82;and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,
id. Cael. 5, 12:prodigia multa, foeda,
Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:multi hominum,
Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:multae silvestrium arborum,
id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:nimium multa,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:nimis multa,
id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:insulae non ita multae,
not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:parum multa scire,
too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,
as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:minime multi remiges,
exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,
id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,
Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,
Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,
with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:multa prece prosequi,
id. C. 4, 5, 33:multa victima,
Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:avis,
id. Am. 3, 5, 4:tabella,
Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,
Cic. Pis. 27, 67:multo labore quaerere aliquid,
with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:cura,
Sall. J. 7, 4:sol,
much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,
Liv. 23, 30, 2:multum sanguinem haurire,
Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:multam harenam mare evomit,
id. 4, 6, 8:arbor,
id. 7, 4, 26:silva,
id. 8, 10, 14:multae vestis injectu opprimi,
Tac. A. 6, 50:multa et lauta supellex,
Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:aurum,
Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:libertas,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:multam salutem dicere alicui,
to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:cum auro et argento multo,
Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:Itaque multum diei processerat,
a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:ad multum diem,
till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:multo adhuc die,
when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:multo denique die,
when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:multa nocte,
late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:multo mane,
very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:multa opinio, for multorum,
the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:velut multa pace,
as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:multus homo,
one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,
id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:unus de multis esse,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,
id. Brut. 79, 274:numerarer in multis,
among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:e multis una sit tibi,
no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:multum est,
it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,
Cic. Clu. 64, 181:ne multis: Diogenes emitur,
id. ib. 16, 47:quid multis moror?
Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:multa reluctari,
Verg. G. 4, 301:gemens,
id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:deos testatus,
id. ib. 7, 593:invehi,
Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):haud multa moratus,
Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:in multum velociores,
by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—In partic.1.Too much, overmuch, excessive:2.supellex modica, non multa,
Nep. Att. 13, 5.—In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:3.qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,
id. ib. 2, 87, 358:nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,
id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—Frequent, frequently present:A.in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,
Sall. J. 96, 3:multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,
was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!
troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:instare,
Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):B.salve multum, gnate mi,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:multum vale,
farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 2, 42:opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,
not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,
often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,
id. Brut. 34, 128:non multum confidere,
not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:sunt in venationibus,
often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,
Cic. Brut. 48, 178:multum fuisse cum aliquo,
to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:gratia valere,
to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:res multum et saepe quaesita,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:longe omnes multumque superabit,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:multum et diu cogitans,
id. Div. 2, 1, 1:diu multumque scriptitare,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:multum loquaces,
very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:mepti labores,
very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:multum robustior illo,
Juv. 19, 197:majora,
Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:haud multum infra viam,
Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:haud multum post mortem ejus,
Tac. A. 5, 3:ut multum,
at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).1.With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:2.multo tanto carior,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:pauciores oratores,
Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:facilius atque expeditius iter,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,
Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:multo ceteros anteibant,
Tac. H. 4, 13:multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,
Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:multo mavolo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:3.quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:simulacrum multo antiquissimum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:maxima pars,
id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:multo id bellum maximum fuit,
Liv. 1, 11, 5:pars multo maxima,
id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:multo gratissima lux,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:foedissimum,
Quint. 9, 4, 72:optimum,
id. ib. 26:pulcherrimum,
id. 1, 2, 24:utilissima,
id. 2, 10, 1:maxime,
Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:multo maxime miserabile,
Sall. C. 36, 4:multo maxime ingenio validus,
id. J. 6, 1.—With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:4.multo aliter,
Ter. And. prol. 4:multo aliter ac sperabat,
far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:quod non multo secus fieret, si,
not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:5.non multo ante urbem captam,
Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:non multo ante,
not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:multo ante,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non multo post, quam, etc.,
not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:haud multo ante solis occasum,
Liv. 5, 39, 2:multo ante noctem,
id. 27, 42, 13.—Very rarely with the positive for multum:6.maligna multo,
very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:II.multo multoque longior,
far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:multo multoque operosius est,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.A.In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;(β).so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:ne plus minusve loqueretur,
Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,
Mart. 8, 71, 4:aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,
too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,
and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,
Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,
id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:valet enim salus plus quam libido,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—With a partitive gen.:(γ).vultis pecuniae plus habere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,
id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,plus virium,
id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:plus hostium,
Liv. 2, 42:plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:plus ingenii,
id. ib. 1, 14, 22:Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,
as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):(δ).non plus quam semel,
Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:ne plus reddat quam acceperit,
id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,
into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:plus quam decem dies abesse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,
with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—Without quam:(ε).HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,
Liv. 24, 44:plus milies audivi,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:non plus mille quingentos aeris,
id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,
Liv. 31, 34:cum plus annum aeger fuisset,
id. 40, 2:parte plus dimidia rem auctam,
id. 29, 25.—With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:2.VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,
more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:ex his alius alio plus habet virium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,
or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:plus aequo,
Cic. Lael. 16, 58:plus paulo,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:paulo plus,
Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:plus nimio,
overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,
one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:3.ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,
of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:ager multo pluris est,
is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:pluris emere,
dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,vendere,
id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:aedificare,
Col. 1, 4, 7:pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,
id. ib. 8, 2, 4:facere aliquem pluris,
make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:pluris habere,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:aestimare,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:ducere,
id. Att. 7, 3, 5:putare,
id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—4.Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—* 5.Like magis, with an adj.:B.plus formosus, for formosior,
Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—In the plur.1.Comparatively, more in number:2.omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:multo plura,
many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;b.1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18:plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,
id. B. C. 3, 52:summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,
Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,
id. 8, 4, 27:quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,
Cic. Clu. 41, 115:eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;without verba: quid ego plura dicam?
id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:pluribus haec exsecutus sum,
Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,
what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,
id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Esp.: plures.(α).The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—(β).Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:(γ).quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—The greater number, the majority:III.plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,
Vulg. Act. 19, 32.Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):(β).hujus sunt plurima simulacra,
Caes. B. G. 6, 17:nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:plurimae et maximae partes,
id. ib. 1, 4, 8:plurimorum seculorum memoria,
id. ib. 3, 9, 14:haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,
id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:me plurima praeda onustum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:sermo,
Quint. 2, 2, 5:risus,
id. 6, 3, 85:res,
id. 6, 1, 51:exercitatio,
id. 8 prooem. §28: mons,
very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:cervix,
id. G. 3, 52:Aetna,
Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,
very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:coma plurima,
very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,
mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,
many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,oleaster plurimus,
Verg. G. 2, 183:qua plurima mittitur ales,
Mart. 9, 56, 1:plurima lecta rosa est,
Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):ut haberet quam plurimum,
as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,
id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,
id. ib. 2, 9, 16:si vero populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:plurimum aliis praestare,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:ut te plurimum diligam,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,
id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,
Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,
Min. Fel. Oct. 22:gratulor,
id. ib. 40:(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,
at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,cum plurimum,
id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:(γ).artis,
Quint. 10, 5, 3:auctoritatis et ponderis,
id. 9, 4, 91:ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,
id. 10, 3, 1:virtutum,
id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—In the gen. pretii:plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,
values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,
Nep. Eum. 2, 2:ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48. -
8 plurimum
multus (old form moltus), a, um; comp. plus; sup. plurimus (v. at the end of this art.), adj. [etym. dub.], much, great, many, of things corporeal and incorporeal.I.Posit.A.In gen.: multi mortales, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: multi suam rem [p. 1173] bene gessere: multi qui, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. v. 295 sq. Vahl.):B.multi fortissimi viri,
Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:rationes,
id. de Or. 1, 51, 222. tam multis verbis scribere, at such length, id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:beneficia. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. ratissima, p. 286 Mull.: multi alii,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 28.—When used with another adjective it is usually connected with it by a conjunction:multae et magnae contentiones,
many great conlests, Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7; 3, 10, 26:O multas et graves offensiones,
id. Att. 11, 7, 3:multi et graves dolores,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:multi et varii timores,
Liv. 3, 16, 3:multae bonaeque artes animi,
Sall. J. 28, 5:multa et clara facinora,
Tac. A. 12, 31.—But when the second adjective is used substantively the conjunction is omitted:multi improbi,
Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28; 2, 19, 65:multi boni, docti, prudentes,
id. Fl. 4, 8:multi nobiles,
id. Planc. 20, 50:multa acerba habuit ille annus,
id. Sest. 27, 58; 66, 139:multa infanda,
Liv. 28, 12, 5:multa falsa,
id. 35, 23, 2.—Also, when the second adjective forms with its substantive a single conception:multa secunda proelia,
victories, Liv. 9, 42, 5; 35, 1, 3; 41, 17, 1:multa libera capita,
freemen, id. 42, 41, 11:multae liberae civitates,
republics, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 68:multos fortes viros,
id. Cat. 3, 2, 7; id. Mur. 8, 17:multi clari viri,
noblemen, id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:multi primarii viri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149.—Similarly, et is omitted between multi and adjectives which form with their substantives familiar phrases:multi clarissimi viri,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24:multi amplissimi viri,
id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Deiot. 14, 39; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Att. 10, 8, 7; 16, 16, 11; id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:multi honestissimi homines,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3:multi peritissimi homines,
id. Caecin. 24, 69:multi summi homines,
id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:multi clarissimi et sapientissimi viri,
id. Planc. 4, 11; id. Cael. 18, 43.—Et is also omitted when the substantive stands between the two adjectives:in veteribus patronis multis,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2:multa praeterea bella gravia,
id. Agr. 2, 33, 90:multis suppliciis justis,
id. Cat. 1, 8, 20:multa majores nostri magna et gravia bella gesserunt,
id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6:plurima signa pulcherrima,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61.—When both adjectives follow the substantive, et is sometimes inserted:virtutes animi multae et magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:causas ille multas et graves habuit,
id. Clu. 30, 82;and is sometimes omitted, the emphasis then falling on the second adjective: utebatur hominibus improbis, multis,
id. Cael. 5, 12:prodigia multa, foeda,
Liv. 40, 29, 1.—With a partitive gen.:multi hominum,
Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 96:multae silvestrium arborum,
id. 16, 31, 56, § 128.—In neutr. plur.: multa, orum, many things, much:nimium multa,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 3:nimis multa,
id. Fin. 2, 18, 57:insulae non ita multae,
not so many, not so very many, Plin. 5, 7, 7, § 41:parum multa scire,
too few, Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1: bene multi, a good many, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:quam minime multa vestigia servitutis,
as few as possible, Nep. Tim. 3, 3:minime multi remiges,
exceedingly few, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:in multas pecunias alienissimorum hominum invasit,
id. Phil. 2, 16, 41; id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:multae pecuniae variis ex causis a privatis detinentur,
Plin. Ep. 10, 17, 3.—Sometimes multi stands for multi alii, many others:nam certe Pompeio, et a Curionibus patre et filio, et a multis exprobratum est,
Suet. Caes. 50.—The sing. also is used poet. for the plur., many a:aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas,
with many dogs, Hor. Epod. 2, 31:multa prece prosequi,
id. C. 4, 5, 33:multa victima,
Verg. E. 1, 34: agna. Ov. F. 4, 772:avis,
id. Am. 3, 5, 4:tabella,
Tib. 1, 3, 28; so of persons: multus sua vulnera puppi Affixit moriens, many a one, for multi affixerunt, Luc. 3, 707.—In sing., to denote quantity, much, great, abundant: multum aurum et argentum. Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 8; 22:exstructa mensa multa carne rancida,
Cic. Pis. 27, 67:multo labore quaerere aliquid,
with much labor, great exertion, Cic. Sull. 26, 73:cura,
Sall. J. 7, 4:sol,
much sun, Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 81: sermo, much conversalion, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1: stilus tuus multi sudoris est. Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 257: multo cibo et potione completi, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:multo sanguine ea Poenis victoria stetit,
Liv. 23, 30, 2:multum sanguinem haurire,
Curt. 4, 14, 17; 8, 14, 32:multam harenam mare evomit,
id. 4, 6, 8:arbor,
id. 7, 4, 26:silva,
id. 8, 10, 14:multae vestis injectu opprimi,
Tac. A. 6, 50:multa et lauta supellex,
Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:aurum,
Sall. J. 13, 6; Tac. A. 6, 33; Liv. 26, 11, 9; Curt. 3, 3, 12:libertas,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 5:multam salutem dicere alicui,
to greet heartily, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 194:cum auro et argento multo,
Sall. J. 13, 6.—Of time:Itaque multum diei processerat,
a great part of the day, Sall. J. 51, 2:ad multum diem,
till far in the day, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:multo adhuc die,
when much of the day was still remaining, when it was still high day, Tac. H. 2, 44:multo denique die,
when the day was far spent, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:multa nocte,
late at night, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 2:multo mane,
very early, id. Att. 5, 4, 1:multa opinio, for multorum,
the general opinion, Gell. 3, 16, 1:velut multa pace,
as in a general peace, as if there were peace everywhere, Tac. H. 4, 35:multus homo,
one who gives himself up to the lusts of many, Cat. 112, 1.— multi, orum, m., the many, the common mass, the multitude: probis probatus potius, quam multis forem, Att. ap. Non. 519, 9:video ego te, mulier, more multarum utier,
id. ib. —Esp.: unus e (or de) multis, one of the multitude, a man of no distinction:tenuis L. Virginius unusque e multis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 62:unus de multis esse,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109: M. Calidius non fuit orator unus e multis;potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,
id. Brut. 79, 274:numerarer in multis,
among the herd of orators, id. ib. 97, 333:e multis una sit tibi,
no better than others, Ov. R. Am. 682:multum est,
it is of importance, Verg. G. 2, 272.—In neutr. absol.: ne multa, or ne multis, not to be prolix, in short:ne multa: perquiritur a coactoribus,
Cic. Clu. 64, 181:ne multis: Diogenes emitur,
id. ib. 16, 47:quid multis moror?
Ter. And. 1, 1, 87.—Sometimes multa is used (particularly by the poets) adverbially, much, greatly, very:multa reluctari,
Verg. G. 4, 301:gemens,
id. ib. 3, 226; id. A. 5, 869:deos testatus,
id. ib. 7, 593:invehi,
Nep. Ep. 6, 1 (cf. nonnulla invehi, id. Tim. 5, 3):haud multa moratus,
Verg. A. 3, 610.—Rarely in multum:in multum velociores,
by far, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—In partic.1.Too much, overmuch, excessive:2.supellex modica, non multa,
Nep. Att. 13, 5.—In speech, much-speaking, diffuse, prolix:3.qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17:ne in re nota et pervulgata multus et insolens sim,
id. ib. 2, 87, 358:nolo in stellarum ratione multus vobis videri,
id. N. D. 2, 46, 119.—Frequent, frequently present:A.in operibus, in agmine, atque ad vigilias multus adesse,
Sall. J. 96, 3:multus in eo proelio Caesar fuit,
was in many places, Flor. 4, 2, 50:hen hercle hominem multum et odiosum mihi!
troublesome, tedious, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 41:instare,
Sall. J. 84, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms.multum, much, very much, greatly, very, often, frequently, far, etc. (class.):B.salve multum, gnate mi,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 56:multum vale,
farewell, id. Stich. 3, 2, 40:hominem ineptum multum et odiosum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 2, 42:opinor, Cassium uti non ita multum sorore,
not very much, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur,
often, id. Att. 8, 13, 2:non multum ille quidem nec saepe dicebat,
id. Brut. 34, 128:non multum confidere,
not very much, not particularly, Caes. B. G. 3, 25:sunt in venationibus,
often, frequently, id. ib. 4, 1:in eodem genere causarum multum erat T. Juventius,
Cic. Brut. 48, 178:multum fuisse cum aliquo,
to have had much intercourse with, id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:sum multum equidem cum Phaedro in Epicuri hortis,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 3:gratia valere,
to be in great favor, Nep. Con. 2, 1:res multum et saepe quaesita,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33:longe omnes multumque superabit,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 115:multum et diu cogitans,
id. Div. 2, 1, 1:diu multumque scriptitare,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152.—With an adj.:multum loquaces,
very talkative, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 5:mepti labores,
very, Plin. Ep. 1, 9.— Poet. also with comp.:multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
much, far, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:multum robustior illo,
Juv. 19, 197:majora,
Sil. 13, 708.— So with infra, post:haud multum infra viam,
Liv. 5, 37, 7; Plin. 98, 7, § 20:haud multum post mortem ejus,
Tac. A. 5, 3:ut multum,
at most, Mart. 10, 11, 6; Vop. Aur. 46.—multō by much, much, a great deal, far, by far (class.).1.With comparatives and verbs which imply comparison:2.multo tanto carior,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:pauciores oratores,
Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 11:facilius atque expeditius iter,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6.—With verbs:virtutem omnibus rebus multo anteponentes,
Cic. Fin. 4, 18, 49:multo ceteros anteibant,
Tac. H. 4, 13:multo praestat beneficii, quam maleficii immemorem esse,
Sall. J. 31, 28.—With malle:multo mavolo,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 88; id. Ps. 2, 4, 38:meo judicio multo stare malo, quam, etc.,
Cic. Att. 12, 21, 1.—With sup. (rare but class.), by far, by much:3.quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissuma,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 66; id. Am. 2, 2, 150: multo optimus hostis, by far, Lucil. ap. Non. 4, 413:simulacrum multo antiquissimum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109; 2, 4, 23, § 50; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:maxima pars,
id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 54; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 82:multo id bellum maximum fuit,
Liv. 1, 11, 5:pars multo maxima,
id. 30, 18, 14: multo molestissima, Cic. Div. in. Caecil. 11, 36:multo gratissima lux,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 39:foedissimum,
Quint. 9, 4, 72:optimum,
id. ib. 26:pulcherrimum,
id. 1, 2, 24:utilissima,
id. 2, 10, 1:maxime,
Auct. Her. 4, 44, 58:multo maxime miserabile,
Sall. C. 36, 4:multo maxime ingenio validus,
id. J. 6, 1.—With particles denoting a difference, far, greatly, very:4.multo aliter,
Ter. And. prol. 4:multo aliter ac sperabat,
far otherwise than, Nep. Ham. 2:quod non multo secus fieret, si,
not far otherwise, not very different, Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1: multo infra Cyrenaicum. Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 40. —In specifications of time, before ante and post, long, much:5.non multo ante urbem captam,
Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:non multo ante,
not long before, Nep. Eum. 3, 3:multo ante,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non multo post, quam, etc.,
not long after, id. Att. 12, 49, 9:haud multo ante solis occasum,
Liv. 5, 39, 2:multo ante noctem,
id. 27, 42, 13.—Very rarely with the positive for multum:6.maligna multo,
very, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 83 Umpf.—Doubled, multo multoque, with comparatives:II.multo multoque longior,
far, very much, Front. ad M. Caes. 2, 5:multo multoque operosius est,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Front. Laud. Negl. § 3.Comp.: plūs, pluris; in the plur., plures, plura (in sing. anciently written plous; three times in the S. C. de Bacch. Here perh. belongs, in the plur., pleores and pleoris, for plures, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.—For the class. neuter of the plur., plura, the form pluria was used in ante-class. Latinity. Gellius cites M. Cato, Q. Claudius, Valerius Antias, L. AElius, P. Nigidius, and M. Varro as authorities for this form, Gell. 5, 21, 6; yet Plautus and Terence have only plura; and the earlier reading pluria, in Lucr. 1, 877; 2, 1135; 4, 1085, is now supplanted by the critically certain plura and plurima.—The gen. plur. plurium, however, has remained the predominant form, e. g. Quint. 7, 1, 1; 8, 4, 27; 9, 4, 66 et saep.) [from the root ple; Gr. pleon, pimplêmi; cf. plenus, plera, compleo, etc.; also locu-ples, plebes, populus, etc.], more.A.In the sing. (used both substantively and adverbially): LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO. SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Gell. 20, 1, 45: SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT, SE FRAVDE ESTO, ib.;(β).so (perh. in imitation of this legal phrase): ebeu, cur ego plus minusve feci quam aequom fuit!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:ne plus minusve loqueretur,
Suet. Aug. 84; cf. Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 27; and in the signif. of circiter, about: septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni... postquam, etc., Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 493 Vahl.);so. non longius abesse plus minus octo milibus,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 20, 1 Oud.; cf.:speranti plures... venerunt plusve minusve duae,
Mart. 8, 71, 4:aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,
too much... too little, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:tantum et plus etiam ipse mihi deberet,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 7:vos et decem numero, et, quod plus est, Romani estis,
and what is more, Liv. 9, 24, 8:verbane plus an sententia valere debeat,
Cic. Top. 25, 96: [p. 1174] cf.:apud me argumenta plus quam testes valent,
id. Rep. 1, 38, 59:valet enim salus plus quam libido,
id. ib. 1, 40, 63.—With a partitive gen.:(γ).vultis pecuniae plus habere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88; cf.:nostri casus plus honoris habuerunt quam laboris,
id. Rep. 1, 4, 7; so,plus virium,
id. Leg. 1, 2, 6:plus hostium,
Liv. 2, 42:plus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 51:in hac causa eo plus auctoritatis habent, quia, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; cf.:plus ingenii,
id. ib. 1, 14, 22:Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei,
as little courage as fidelity, Liv. 1, 27, 5.—With quam (some examples of which have already been given above):(δ).non plus quam semel,
Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61:confiteor eos... plus quam sicarios esse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:ne plus reddat quam acceperit,
id. Lael. 16, 58 et saep.:non plus quam in tres partis posse distribui putaverunt,
into not more than, id. Inv. 1, 34, 57:plus quam decem dies abesse,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:nulla (navis) plus quam triginta remis agatur,
with more than, Liv. 38, 38, 8.—Without quam:(ε).HOMINES PLOVS V. OINVORSEI VIREI ATQVE MVLIERES, S. C. de Bacch. 19 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): plus mille capti,
Liv. 24, 44:plus milies audivi,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 32: plus semel, Varr. ap. Plin. 14, 14, 17, § 96:plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 46:ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:non plus mille quingentos aeris,
id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:paulo plus ducentos passus a castris,
Liv. 31, 34:cum plus annum aeger fuisset,
id. 40, 2:parte plus dimidia rem auctam,
id. 29, 25.—With a compar. or adverbial abl., or with an abl. of measure:2.VIREI PLOVS DVOBVS, S. C. de Bacch. 20 (Wordsw. Fragm. and Spec. p. 173): de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,
more than the importunate, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44:ex his alius alio plus habet virium,
Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 6: cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam cruciari, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 2:alterum certe non potest, ut plus una vera sit,
Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 5; cf.:in columba plures videri colores, nec esse plus uno,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 79: HOC PLVS NE FACITO, more than this, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 59:annos sexaginta natus es Aut plus eo,
or more than that, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11:plus aequo,
Cic. Lael. 16, 58:plus paulo,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8:paulo plus,
Liv. 31, 34: multo plus, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A, 1:plus nimio,
overmuch, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, too much by a finger, i. e. a finger too much, Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 99:uno plus Etruscorum cecidisse in acie,
one man more, Liv. 2, 7, 2.—In the gen. pretii, pluris, of more value, of a higher price, for more, higher, dearer:3.ut plus reddant musti et olei, et pretii pluris,
of greater value, Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:ager multo pluris est,
is worth much more, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; cf.:quo pluris sint nostra oliveta,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 16:pluris emere,
dearer, id. Fam. 7, 2, 1; so,vendere,
id. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300:aedificare,
Col. 1, 4, 7:pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,
of more value, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:mea mihi conscientia pluris est, quam omnium sermo,
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:facio pluris omnium hominem neminem,
id. ib. 8, 2, 4:facere aliquem pluris,
make more of one, esteem him more highly, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2:pluris habere,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:aestimare,
id. Par. 6, 2, 48:ducere,
id. Att. 7, 3, 5:putare,
id. Off. 3, 4, 18 et saep.—Rarely, instead of the genitive, in the abl. pretii: plure vendunt, Lucil. ap. Charis. 2, p. 189 P.: plure altero tanto, quanto ejus fundus est, velim, Plaut. ib.: plure venit, Cic. ib.—4.Plus plusque, more and more: quem mehercule plus plusque in dies diligo. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 10.—* 5.Like magis, with an adj.:B.plus formosus, for formosior,
Nemes. Ecl. 4, 72.—In the plur.1.Comparatively, more in number:2.omnes qui aere alieno premantur, quos plures esse intellego quam putaram,
Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Rep. 2, 22, 40:nemini ego plura acerba esse credo ex amore homini umquam oblata quam mihi,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1:ne plura insignia essent imperii in libero populo quam in regno fuissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55:multo plura,
many more things, Quint. 3, 6, 28.—In gen., of a great number, many: qui plus fore dicant in pluribus consilii quam in uno. Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: cf.: quid quaeso interest inter unum et plures, si justitia est in pluribus? id. ib. 1, 39, 61;b.1, 34, 52: non possunt una in civitate multi rem ac fortunas amittere, ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem,
id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quod pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18:plura castella Pompeius tentaverat,
id. B. C. 3, 52:summus dolor plures dies manere non potest,
Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:pluribus diebus, Quint. prooem. § 7: illic plurium rerum est congeries,
id. 8, 4, 27:quae consuetudo sit, pluribus verbis docere,
Cic. Clu. 41, 115:eum pluribus verbis rogat, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64;without verba: quid ego plura dicam?
id. de Or. 1, 5, 18:pluribus haec exsecutus sum,
Phaedr. 3, 10, 59;also elliptically, quid plura? and, ne plura, like quid multa? and ne multa: hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia. Quid plura? hanc vides villam, etc.,
what need of many words? in short, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 3:sed—ne plura—dicendum enim aliquando est—Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,
id. Fam. 13, 1, 5.—Esp.: plures.(α).The mass, the multitude, opp. pauciores, = hoi oligoi, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13.—(β).Euphemistically, acc. to the Gr. hoi pleiones, the dead:(γ).quin prius Me ad plures penetravi?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 14.—The greater number, the majority:III.plures nesciebant qua ex causa convenissent,
Vulg. Act. 19, 32.Sup.: plūrĭmus (archaic form, plisima plurima, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 and 205 Mull.: PLIOIRVME (I), Epit. of Scipio), a, um [from root ple; whence also plus, q. v., ploirumus for ploisumus; and thence the predominant form plurimus], most, very much, or many (as an adj. in good prose mostly in the plur., except the standing formula of greeting: salutem plurimam dicere alicui; v. infra):(β).hujus sunt plurima simulacra,
Caes. B. G. 6, 17:nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:plurimae et maximae partes,
id. ib. 1, 4, 8:plurimorum seculorum memoria,
id. ib. 3, 9, 14:haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,
id. ib. 1, 7, 12 et saep.—In sing.:me plurima praeda onustum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4:sermo,
Quint. 2, 2, 5:risus,
id. 6, 3, 85:res,
id. 6, 1, 51:exercitatio,
id. 8 prooem. §28: mons,
very large, Verg. A. 1, 419:cervix,
id. G. 3, 52:Aetna,
Ov. Ib. 600.—Of a greeting: impertit salutem plurimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472. 16; and esp. freq.: salutem plurimam dicit (commonly abbrev. S. P. D.) at the beginning of letters; v. salus.— Poet.:medio cum plurimus orbe Sol erat,
very powerful, oppressive, Ov. M. 14, 53: plurima qua silva est. thickest, id. ib. 14, 361:coma plurima,
very thick, id. ib. 13, 844:sed plurima nantis in ore Alcyone conjux,
mostly, chiefly, id. ib. 11, 562.—And collect.:plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicet equis Argos,
many a one, very many, Hor. C. 1, 7, 8; so,oleaster plurimus,
Verg. G. 2, 183:qua plurima mittitur ales,
Mart. 9, 56, 1:plurima lecta rosa est,
Ov. F. 4, 441.— In neutr. absol. (substant. or adverb.):ut haberet quam plurimum,
as much as possible, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39:caput autem est, quam plurimum scribere,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:ut in quoque oratore plurimum esset,
id. Rep. 1, 27, 123.— Adv.: plūrĭmum:et is valebat in suffragio plurimum, cujus plurimum intererat, esse in optimo statu civitatem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40:auspiciis plurimum obsecutus est Romulus,
id. ib. 2, 9, 16:si vero populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23; cf.:qui apud me dignitate plurimum possunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 1, 4:plurimum aliis praestare,
id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:ut te plurimum diligam,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:hoc ego utor uno omnium plurimum,
id. Fam. 11, 16, 2:quantum (al. quanto) plurimum possunt,
Quint. 11, 3, 120: plurimum quantum also signifies very much indeed, exceedingly (post-class.):plurimum quantum veritati nocuere,
Min. Fel. Oct. 22:gratulor,
id. ib. 40:(elleborum) ex aqua datur plurimum drachma,
at the most, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 9, 36, 60, § 125; 30, 6, 16, § 48; so,cum plurimum,
id. 2, 17, 15, § 78 (opp. to cum minimum); 18, 7, 10, § 60: nec tam numerosa differentia; tribus ut plurimum bonitatibus distat, for the most part, commonly, usually, = plerumque, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—In neutr. with a partit. gen.: sententiarum et gravitatis plurimum, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 25:(γ).artis,
Quint. 10, 5, 3:auctoritatis et ponderis,
id. 9, 4, 91:ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum,
id. 10, 3, 1:virtutum,
id. 12, 1, 20 plurimum quantum favoris partibus dabat fratermtas ducum, Flor. 4, 2, 74.—In the gen. pretii:plurimi: immo unice unum plurimi pendit,
values very highly, esteems very much, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:quem unum Alexander plurimi fecerat,
Nep. Eum. 2, 2:ut quisque quod plurimi est possidet,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48. -
9 klein
klein, parvus. parvulus (nicht groß u. nicht erwachsen; bildl. = spärlich, gering, unbeträchtlich, Ggstz. magnus: kleiner, minor: der kleinste, ganz klein, minimus, die beide dann für »klein« stehen müssen, wenn von zweien der kleinere od. von mehreren der kleinste genannt wird, z.B. Kleinasien, Asia minor: der k. Finger, digitus minimus). – paulus. paululus (verwandt mit parvus, sowohl klein der Ausdehnung in Raum u. Zeit als der Zahl, dem Werte nach [Ggstz. magnus od. multus]. Häufig paulum und paululum subst. mit Genet., wo wir das Adjektiv »klein« setzen, z.B. ein k. Gewinn, paulum lucri: ein k. Dienst, paululum operae: ein k. Verzug, paululum morae). – pusillus (klein, sehr klein, bes. im Sinne des im Wachstum Zurückgebliebenen; bildl. = kleinlich, z.B. animus). – minutus (klein gemacht, winzig, von der kleinsten od. einer kaum bemerkbaren Größe, bildl. = kleinlich, z.B. animus: u. interrogatiunculae: dazu Adv.minute, minutim, minutatim = in kleinen Teilen oder Stücken). – brevis (kurz, von geringer Ausdehnung, sowohl der Zeit als dem Raume nach, Ggstz. longus). – exiguus (was leicht zu übersehen, auszumessen ist, unbeträchtlich, unansehnlich, klein, wenig, winzig, der Menge, Zahl u. Zeit nach). – humilis,Adv.humiliter (niedrig, nicht hoch, klein der Ausdehnung in die Höhe nach, von der Statur des Menschen, von Tieren u. Gewächsen; bildl. = niedrig, kleinlich denkend, z.B. animus). – humilis staturae. humili staturā (klein von Statur, von Menschen u. Tieren). – angustus (nicht breit, schmal, Ggstz. latus, z.B. Öffnung einer Flasche etc.; dann bildl. = engherzig. kleinherzig, z.B. animus). – parvulus. infans (unerwachsen, s. jung). – Ost durch ein Diminutiv, z.B. k. Geld, nummuli (od. auch nummi minoris notae): ein k. Buch, eine k. Schrift, libellus: ein k. Geschenk, munusculum: ein k. Gewinn, lucellum: ein k. Kind, infantulus usw., s. die verschiedenen Artikel, bei denen »klein« steht. – Zuw. auch durch aliquid mit Genet., z.B. ein k. Stolz, aliquid superbiae.
[1449] zu klein, parum magnus; iusto minor (Ggstz. iusto maior); iusto brevior (kürzer, als recht ist, Ggstz. iusto longior); nimium angustus (allzu eng, z.B. alcis cupiditati nimium angustus orbis terrarum): nicht zu k., non parum magnus. – sehr klein, ganz klein, minimus; perparvus; perparvulus; valde pusillus, perpusillus; minutulus; perexiguus. – wie klein, quantus. quantillus (der Beschaffenheit u. Größe nach); quotus (der Zeit nach): so klein, tantus od. (Diminut.) – so gar klein, tantulus (z.B. homines tantulaestaturae): ein klein wenig, paulo, paululum. – ein k. Mensch, homo parvae od. exiguae staturae. homo brevis staturā. homo brevi staturā (klein von Statur); homo corpore parvo (klein von Körper); homo taturā humili et corpore exiguo (k. u. unansehnlich von Statur und Körper); homo pusillus (ein zwerghafter, im Wachstum zurückgebliebener): k. von Statur sein, brevemhabere staturam: brevi esse staturā; staturae parvae od. exiguae esse: kleine Leute, homines staturā breves; homines pusilli: so kleine Leute, Leute von so kleiner Statur, homines tantulae staturae. – ein kleines Kind, s. Kindlein. – ein k. Knabe, s. Knäbchen: der k. Romulus, infans, puer Romulus (s. »Kind« über inf. u. puer), – die Auerochsen sind etwas kleiner als die Elefanten, uri suntmagnitudine paulo infra elephantos: ein k. Brief, epistula minuscula, pusilla: kleine Buchstaben, kleine Schrift, litterae minutae od. minutiores od. (ganz kleine) minutulae: eine k. Sache, ein k. Prozeß, s. Kleinigkeit, Bagatelle. – in k. Stücke zerschlagen, zerbrechen, comminuere, frangere et comminuere (z.B. anulum); resolvere (auflösen in kleine Stückchen, z.B. glebas sarculis): in k. Stücke zerschneiden, hacken, zerhacken, in k. Stücke stoßen, s. unten »klein machen«. – eine k. Zeit, tempus parvum od. breve od. exiguum: eine k. Zeit (lang), eine k. Weile, paulisper (ein klein wenig, eine kleine Weile lang, im Sinne des Aushaltens, Ggstz. in perpetuum; z.B. mane paulisper); parumper (nur ein klein wenig, nur eine kleine Weile, nur vor der Hand, im Sinne des Abkürzens, z.B. mane parumper): ein k. Schmerz, dolor brevis. – eine k. Anzahl, parvus (od. exiguus) numerus, von etwas, alcis rei: die k. Anzahl (die jmd. bei sich hat etc.), paucitas (z.B. militum): k. Summe Geld, parva pecunia; paulula pecunia; paululum pecuniae: k. Teil, pars exigua. – warum sollen wir diesen Gewinn, so klein er ist, verschmähen? cur hoc quantulumcumque est lucrum fastidimus? – ich habe noch eine k. Frage zu tun, habeo paulum, quod requiram.
Rom im kleinen, Roma pusilla; Roma minor: das Haus ist ein Staat im kleinen, domus res publica pusilla est. – vom kleinen (klein) anfangen, a parvulo incipere: ang fangen haben, ex tenui principio se promovisse: das ist etwas Kleines u. dgl., s. Kleinigkeit (das ist eine K. u. dgl.): alles, das Kleinste wie das Größte, wird an Cäsar berichtet, omnia minima maxima ad Caesarem mittuntur: sich mit jmd. über das Kleinste u. Größte [1450] beraten, cum alqo de minimis maximisque rebus deliberare: bis ins kleinste eingehend (bis ins kleinste Detail) fragen, minutatim interrogare. – die Kleinen (die Kinder), parvi oder parvuli; liberi parvi (im Ggstz. zu parentes): unsere Kleinen, parvuli nostri: die ganz Kleinen, pueri infantes u. pueri infantes minutuli. – die Großen u. die Kleinen, s. »Hohe u. Niedere« unter »hoch«. – von klein auf, s. »von Kindheit an« unter »Kindheit«. – über od. um ein kleines, brevi; paulo post. k. schreiben, minute scribere: k. machen, minute od. minutim od. minutatim concīdere. minutim caedere (in kleine Stücke hacken, zerhacken, klein hacken); minutatim consecare (in kleine Stücke schneiden); minute od. minutim contundere (klein stoßen); minutim terere (klein reiben); minutim commolere (klein mahlen); minutim frangere (klein brechen); conficere (k. kauen, v. den Zähnen): sich k. machen (bildl.), se abicere. – kleiner werden, minui (s. »abnehmen no. II« die Synon.): ganz klein werden, ad minimum deduci (z.B. von einem Flusse). – k. denken, humiliter sentire: von jmd. k. denken, alqm contemnere: k. von jmd. reden, contemptim de alqo loqui.
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10 multum [2]
multum, Compar. plūs, Superl. plūrimum, viel, ein großer Teil, I) subst.: A) im Nom. od. Acc., m. Genet., iam multum viae praeceperat rex, ein großes Stück (eine große Strecke) Weges, Curt.: a quibus cum audisset non multum superesse munitionis, nur noch ein kleiner Teil der Befestigungsarbeit, Nep.: multum diei processerat, Sall.: in multum vini processerat, war ziemlich angetrunken, Liv.: ab sole orto in multum diei (bis weit in den Tag) stetere in acie, Liv.: u. so ad multum diei in acie stare, Liv.: nebula erat ad multum diei densa adeo, ut etc., Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 27, 2, 9): post multum vulnerum, nach vielen W., Tac.: multum habet iucunditatis, Plin.: ut multum (sc. est), höchstens, Mart.: in multum (bei weitem) velociores, Plin. 10, 108. – Compar., plus mihi deberet, Cic.: plus posse, Caes.: plus facere, Cic.: ne plus reddat, quam acceperit, Cic.: non plus quam etc., ebensowenig, Cic.: quod plus est, was mehr ist, mehr sagen will, Liv.: plus minusve, mehr od. weniger, m. folg. quam (als), Komik., Quint. u.a.: ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit, zu viel... zu wenig, Ter.: ne quid plus minusve faxit, zu viel od. zu wenig, Ter.: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, einen Finger mehr, Cic.: so auch uno plus Etruscorum cecĭdisse, ein Mann mehr, Liv.: m. Genet. part., plus pecuniae, Cic.: hostium, Liv.: detrimenti, Cic.: non plus animi quam fidei erat, Liv.: ex his alius alio plus virium habet, Cic.: nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere, Caes. – Superl., plurimum posse, Cic.: ut haberet quam plurimum, so viel als möglich, Cic.: ubi plurimum (possidebat), das meiste, Eutr.: qui plurimum minimumque tradunt, die Durchschnittszahl, Eutr.: ellipt., cum plurimum, ubi plurimum, ut plurimum, hochgerechnet, höchstens, Liv., Suet. u. Plin. – m. Genet. part., noctis plurimum, ein sehr großer Teil der N., Amm.: plurimum mali, Sen.: gravitatis, Cic.: studii, Nep.: virtutum, Quint.: ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum, Quint.: plurimum quantum favoris, recht sehr viel an G., Flor.
B) im Genet. zur Bezeichnung des Wertes und Preises, hoch, multi facere, hoch schätzen, Plaut. – Compar., pluris, höher, teurer, ager multo pluris est, gilt viel mehr, Cic.: conscientia mihi pluris est, Cic.: pluris putare, facere, habere, aestimare, höher schätzen, achten, Cic.: vendere, emere, teurer, Cic.: aedificare, Colum. – Superl., plurimi, sehr hoch, sehr teuer, facere, Nep.: pendĕre, Plaut.: esse, Cic. – Selten steht st. des Genet. der Abl., plure altero tanto quanto eius fundus est velim, Plaut. fr. b. Charis. 211, 28: plure vendunt, Lucil. 1253 (b. Charis. 211, 30): plure venit, Cic. fr. b. Charis. 211, 29: quam plurimo vendere, möglichst teuer, Cic. de off. 3, 50.
II) adv.: A) multo, um vieles, viel, a) einfach, neben Komparativen u. Wörtern aller Art, die den Begriff einer Steigerung enthalten, zur Bezeichnung des Maßes, mit dem der Unterschied gemessen wird, multo plura, Nep.: m. pauciores, Cic.: m. minus, Cic.: m. magis, Cic.: m. ceteros gloriā antecesserunt, Nep.: so bei antevenire, Ter.: bei anteponere, Cic.: bei praestat, es ist besser, Sall.: bei malle, Cic.: bei Partikeln, die den Begriff einer Verschiedenheit enthalten, multo secus, viel anders, Cic.: m. aliter, Nep.: bei infra, Plin.: beim Komparativ u. Superlativ = bei weitem, maior multo res, Liv.: m. difficillimus, m. difficillime, Cornif. rhet.: purissimus multo, Varro fr.: m. maximus, Komik. u. Cic.: m. maxime, Ter. u. Augustin.: m. antiquissimus, Cic.: multo formosissimus, Nep.: m. maximā parte, Cic.: bei post u. ante, non multo post, nicht lange nachher, Cic.: multo ante, Nep., od. ante multo, Cic., lange vorher. – b) doppelt, multo multoque, um gar vieles, gar viel, beim Komparativ usw., multo multoque longior, Fronto ad M. Caes. 2, 2 (5). p. 28, 1 N.: multo multoque operosius est, Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Fronto laud. negl. p. 214, 15 N. – c) multo tanto, um so viel mehr, ne ille hercle mihi sit multo tanto carior, si etc., Plaut. Bacch. 310: u. so Plaut. Men. 800; rud. 521; Stich. 339. Gell. 12, 2, 14. Apul. met. 7, 15 u.a. (s. Hildebr. Apul. met. 6, 1. p. 396, b): multo tanto propius, Varro LL. 7, 3.
B) multum, 1) vom Grade, sehr, weit, vielmals, a) neben Verben, salve m., sei vielmals, sei herzlich gegrüßt, Plaut.: vale m., leb recht wohl, Plaut.: non m. confidere, nicht sehr, nicht sonderlich, Caes.: m. desiderare, Nep.: non ita m. uti sorore, nicht so sehr, Cic.: longe multumque superare, Cic.: ebenso auch poet. Acc. Plur. multa adverb. neben Verben, multa reluctari, Verg.: multa gemens, Verg. – b) neben Adjektiven, m. dispar, Cic.: vir m. bonus, Cic.: m. familiaris, Fronto: m. loquaces, Plaut.: m. inepti labores, Plin. ep. – c) neben Komparativen = multo, zB. non multum est maius, Cic.: m. improbiores, Plaut.: m. robustior, Iuven.: selten bei Superlativen, m. carissimus ac desiderantissimus filius, Augustin. epist. 139 lemm. – 2) v. der Zeit, Vielmals, oft, viel, multum mecum sunt, Cic.: multum mecum loquuntur, Cic.: multum et saepe quaesita, Cic.: multum et diu cogitans, Cic.: diu multumque scriptitare, Cic.
C) plus, 1) v. der Menge, mehr, a) m. folg. quam, wie: non pl. quam semel, Cic.: plus quam satis (erat), Ter.: non pl. quam in tres partes posse distribui, in nicht mehr als, Cic.: nulla (navis) pl. quam triginta remis agatur, mit mehr als, Liv.: plus quam decem dies abesse, weiter als, Cic. – b) ohne quam, zB. pl. semel, Varro fr.: plus satis, Ter.: pl. millies audivi, Ter.: pl. mille capti, Liv.: plus quingentos colaphos infregit, Ter.: plus pars dimidia caesa est, Liv.: plus parte tertiā interfectā, Caes.: plus dimidiati mensis cibaria ferebant, Cic.: ut plus biennium in his tricis moremur, Cic.: cum pl. annum aeger fuisset, Liv.: plus aut minus, plus minus, plus minusve, plusve minusve, mehr oder weniger, ungefähr, auf und ab, septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni, Enn.: abesse plus minus octo milibus, Hirt. b. G.: ne quid plus minusve faxit, quod nos pigeat, Ter.: ne plus minusve loqueretur ex tempore, Suet.: venerunt plusve minusve duae, Mart. – c) m. Abl., zB. ut pl. unā vera sit, Cic.: nec esse pl. uno, mehr als einer, Cic.: annos sexaginta natus est aut pl. eo, oder mehr als soviel, oder darüber, Ter. – 2) v. Grade, mehr, confiteor eos plus quam sicarios, plus quam homicidas, plus etiam quam parricidas esse, Cic.: plus cruciari, Balb. in Cic. ep.: multo plus, Anton. in Cic. ep.: paulo plus, Liv.: plus aequo, mehr als billig, Cic.: plus iusto, Liv.: plus nimio, allzusehr, Hor.: plus plusque, immer mehr u. mehr, quem plus plusque in dies diligo, Cic.: dah. auch neben Adii. = magis, plus formosus, Calp. ecl. 11, 72: u. plus quam beim Komparativ, vilior fiam plus quam factus sum, Vulg. 2. regg. 6, 22: plus erat quam palea levior, Commodian. apol. 5: u. ohne quam, oculi domini multo plus lucidiores sunt super solem, Vulg. Sirach 23, 28: u. plus quam beim Superlativ, plus quam benignissimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 1876. – so auch plura zuw. adverb., ne te in promissis plura moremur, weiter, länger, Lucr. 5, 91.
D) plurimum, 1) v. Grade, am meisten, pl. intererat, Cic.: ut te pl. diligam, Cic.: plurimum quantum favoris, Flor. 4, 2, 74: pl. quantum nocere, recht sehr, überaus, Min. Fel. 23, 1; vgl. ibid.40, 1. – 2) von der Menge, a) recht viel, ut plurimum tussiat, Petron. 117, 9. – b) höchstens, pl. drachma, modice quattuor obolis, Plin.: diebus plurimum novem, Plin. – 3) v. Umfange der Zeit, größtenteils, meistenteils, domum ire pergam; ibi plurimum est, Ter. Phorm. 194: pl. Cypri vixit, Nep. Chabr. 3, 4.
/ Im Vulgärlat. gesteigerter Kompar. plurior, Fulg. myth. 1. praef. p. 16 M. Itala Ioann. 7, 31. Hilar. in ep. ad Philem. 3 (Pitra spicil. 1, 150 [b]). Gloss. II, 409, 12 (pluriora). – Archaist. Superl. ploirimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 32, wo ploirume = plurime: plisimus od. plusimus, Fest. 205 (a), 17. Varro LL. 7, 27. Vgl. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 437.
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11 weit
weit, I) Posit. weit, A) Adj.: 1) entfernt: longus (lang, von der größten Ausdehnung in gerader Richtung im Raum und in der Zeit). – longinquus weit in die Länge sich erstreckend, [2667] weit entfernt). – das Weite suchen, gewinnen, s. fliehen no. I. – weit her, longe: e longinquo: es ist mit seinen Kenntnissen nicht weit her, via imbutus est litteris. – von weitem, procul (fern, in der Ferne); e longinquo (aus weiter Ferne); eminus (von fern, in Schußweite): Übel, die du hast von w. kommen sehen, mala, quae venientia longe ante vidisti. – 2) nicht eng: latus (weit in Hinsicht auf Länge und Breite, z.B. planities). – laxus (inwendig nach allen drei Dimensionen hin Raum übrig lassend, z.B. tunica, calceus, domus). – capax (viel in sich aufnehmend). – amplus (groß an räumlichem Umfang, z.B. domus). – patens (sich weit hin erstreckend, z.B. Ebenen, campi oder aequora). – eine übermäßig w. Toga, toga fusa. – das w. Meer, apertum mare: in die weite Welt gehen, peregre abire; in longinquas terras proficisci. – B) Adv.: 1) zur Bezeichnung der Entfernung in Raum und Zeit: longe (z.B. prospicere). – procul (fern, auch mit Abl., z.B. pr. oppido: u. mit ab u. Abl. z.B. pr. a domo). – sehr weit (werfen, schleudern etc.), in immensum. – w. von etwas sein, longe od. procul ab alqo loco abesse: w. auseinanderstehen, multum distare: gleich w. sein, tantundem viae est: von etwas w. (nicht w., ziemlich w.) entfernt sein, s. entfernt: von etwas weit entfernt sein (bildl.), longe recessisse oder abhorrere ab alqare (z.B. ab hoc vitio): gleich w. entfernt sein, paribus intervallis distare: w. in die Nacht hinein, in multam noctem: w. hinaus, in longinquum tempus: weit hinausschieben, in longum differre: weit u. breit, longe lateque: weit u. breit berühmt, clarissimus: weit u. breit berühmt werden, adipisci famam latiorem. – zu weit, longius: zu w. gehen, longius progredi (eig. u. bildl.); tamquam lineas transilire (bildl.); in etwas, nimium esse in alqa re; modum excedere oder modum non servare in alqa re: nicht zu w. gehen (mit Worten), modum tenere verborum: beim Tadel zu w. gehen, in vituperatione aequitati parum consulere: es ist zu w. gegangen, wenn man behauptet, daß etc., nimis violentum est dicere mit folg. Akk. u. Infin. – so weit, s. soweit. – wie weit, s. wieweit. – 2) zur Bezeichnung des Grades: longe (z.B. longe optimus, maximus: und longe anteponere: u. longe praestare). – multo (um vieles, bei weitem, bes. beim Komparativ u. Superlativ). – multis partibus (um viele Teile, beim Komparativ, z.B. plures). – w. größer sein, multo maiorem esse; multis partibus maiorem esse: bei weitem nicht, minime; nu llo modo; nullo pacto.
II) Compar. weiter, A). Adj.: 1) entfernter: longior. – remotior (entlegener). – disiunctior (getrennter, abgesonderter von den übrigen). – 2) geräumiger: laxior. – amplior (größer an Umfang). – einen weitern Umfang, einen sehr weiten (den weitesten) Umfang haben, latius, latissime patere (auch bildl. = eine weitere Bedeutung, die weiteste Bedeutung u. dgl. haben). – 3) über etwas hinausgehend; z.B. das Weitere hören, citeriora od. ulteriora audire; reliqua audire: das Weitere erwarten, quae reliqua sunt oder quae [2668] restant, exspectare: ohne weiteres, sine mora; haud cunctanter. – B) Adv. longius. – porro. protinus (weiter fort, vorwärts, für. baß). – ultra (weiter hinaus, weiter hin; übtr., weiter = ferner, außerdem, mehr, z.B. quid ultra tibi debeo?). – weiter oben, unten, supra, infra: etwas w. oben, unten, paulo superius, paulo inferius. – keiner w., nullus alius; nullus praeterea: nichts w., nihil amplius; nihil ultra (z.B. requirere). – w. ge. hen, vorrücken, longius progredi od. procedere (eig.); pergere. ad reliqua pergere (im Vortrag); procedere (im Handeln, z.B. iam favet processumque vult, und will, daß es weiter geht): unvermerkt immer weiter gehen, serpere (z.B. serpit enim res): ich bin (in meiner Erörterung) w. gegangen, als mir lieb ist, plus feci quam vellem: weiter gehen meine Nachrichten nicht, ulteriora non audio: w. verbreitet sein (von einem Übel), latius disseminatum esse: nicht w. können, haerere: etw. w. geben, alqd alii tradere (von einem); de manu in manum od. e manibus in manus tradere (aus einer Hand in die andere geben, von mehreren). – w. kommen, es w. bringen in etwas, procedere od. progredi in alqa re: viel w. kommen, multum proficere: Ursachen w. suchen, causas longius oder altius repetere: sein Recht w. suchen, ius suum persequi: w. über etw. nachdenken, diligentius alqd expendĕre: etwas weiter erzählen, sagen, alqd aliis narrare (andern erzählen); alqd enuntiare (ausmelden, ausplaudern, z.B. commissa): einen Bittenden nicht w. reden lassen (sondern seine Bitte sogleich erfüllen), plura rogantis verba intercīdere: was willst du w.? – quid vis amplius?: ich sage nichts w., nil dico amplius: davon nichts w., sed haec hactenus; haec quidem hactenus; haec dicta sunt: und was w.? quid porro?: was dann w.? quid tum?: was ist's denn auch w.? quid tandem est?: wenn es weiter nichts ist, si res est tantula. – weiter! perge! pergite! pergamus! – nun w., age vero (s. Cic. de imp. Pomp. 40): doch gut, wir wollen nun weiter sehen, age porro (s. Cic. Verr. 5, 56). – und so w., et quae sunt reliqua (»und was sonst noch«, wenn man nach Anführung von mehreren Dingen den Rest nicht erwähnt); et cetera. auch bl. cetera. et id genus alia. et alia generis eiusdem. et quae sunt generis eiusdem (wenn man einen bekannten Gegenstand nur mit wenigen Worten andeutet oder von einer großen Anzahl von Gegenständen bloß einige erwähnt, »und dergleichen«) – »nicht weiter«, bei Verben, durch desistere (abstehen) od. desinere (aufhören) od. omittere (unterlassen) m. Infin., finem facere m. Genet. Gerund. (ein Ende machen), z.B. ich ärgerte mich nicht w., destiti stomachari: ich führe keine Prozesse weiter, desisto causas agere: ich frage nicht w., rogare desino: die Sterne werden nicht w. gesehen, sidera cerni desinunt: sie verfolgten jene nicht w., persequi illos omiserunt: ich bot mich (meine Dienste) nicht w. an, finem feci offerendi mei.
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12 multum
multum, Compar. plūs, Superl. plūrimum, viel, ein großer Teil, I) subst.: A) im Nom. od. Acc., m. Genet., iam multum viae praeceperat rex, ein großes Stück (eine große Strecke) Weges, Curt.: a quibus cum audisset non multum superesse munitionis, nur noch ein kleiner Teil der Befestigungsarbeit, Nep.: multum diei processerat, Sall.: in multum vini processerat, war ziemlich angetrunken, Liv.: ab sole orto in multum diei (bis weit in den Tag) stetere in acie, Liv.: u. so ad multum diei in acie stare, Liv.: nebula erat ad multum diei densa adeo, ut etc., Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 27, 2, 9): post multum vulnerum, nach vielen W., Tac.: multum habet iucunditatis, Plin.: ut multum (sc. est), höchstens, Mart.: in multum (bei weitem) velociores, Plin. 10, 108. – Compar., plus mihi deberet, Cic.: plus posse, Caes.: plus facere, Cic.: ne plus reddat, quam acceperit, Cic.: non plus quam etc., ebensowenig, Cic.: quod plus est, was mehr ist, mehr sagen will, Liv.: plus minusve, mehr od. weniger, m. folg. quam (als), Komik., Quint. u.a.: ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit, zu viel... zu wenig, Ter.: ne quid plus minusve faxit, zu viel od. zu wenig, Ter.: quam molestum est uno digito plus habere, einen Finger mehr, Cic.: so auch uno plus Etruscorum cecĭdisse, ein Mann mehr, Liv.: m. Genet. part., plus pecuniae,————Cic.: hostium, Liv.: detrimenti, Cic.: non plus animi quam fidei erat, Liv.: ex his alius alio plus virium habet, Cic.: nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere, Caes. – Superl., plurimum posse, Cic.: ut haberet quam plurimum, so viel als möglich, Cic.: ubi plurimum (possidebat), das meiste, Eutr.: qui plurimum minimumque tradunt, die Durchschnittszahl, Eutr.: ellipt., cum plurimum, ubi plurimum, ut plurimum, hochgerechnet, höchstens, Liv., Suet. u. Plin. – m. Genet. part., noctis plurimum, ein sehr großer Teil der N., Amm.: plurimum mali, Sen.: gravitatis, Cic.: studii, Nep.: virtutum, Quint.: ut laboris sic utilitatis etiam longe plurimum, Quint.: plurimum quantum favoris, recht sehr viel an G., Flor.B) im Genet. zur Bezeichnung des Wertes und Preises, hoch, multi facere, hoch schätzen, Plaut. – Compar., pluris, höher, teurer, ager multo pluris est, gilt viel mehr, Cic.: conscientia mihi pluris est, Cic.: pluris putare, facere, habere, aestimare, höher schätzen, achten, Cic.: vendere, emere, teurer, Cic.: aedificare, Colum. – Superl., plurimi, sehr hoch, sehr teuer, facere, Nep.: pendĕre, Plaut.: esse, Cic. – Selten steht st. des Genet. der Abl., plure altero tanto quanto eius fundus est velim, Plaut. fr. b. Charis. 211, 28: plure vendunt, Lucil. 1253 (b. Charis. 211, 30): plure venit, Cic. fr. b. Charis. 211, 29: quam plurimo vendere, möglichst teuer, Cic. de off. 3, 50.————II) adv.: A) multo, um vieles, viel, a) einfach, neben Komparativen u. Wörtern aller Art, die den Begriff einer Steigerung enthalten, zur Bezeichnung des Maßes, mit dem der Unterschied gemessen wird, multo plura, Nep.: m. pauciores, Cic.: m. minus, Cic.: m. magis, Cic.: m. ceteros gloriā antecesserunt, Nep.: so bei antevenire, Ter.: bei anteponere, Cic.: bei praestat, es ist besser, Sall.: bei malle, Cic.: bei Partikeln, die den Begriff einer Verschiedenheit enthalten, multo secus, viel anders, Cic.: m. aliter, Nep.: bei infra, Plin.: beim Komparativ u. Superlativ = bei weitem, maior multo res, Liv.: m. difficillimus, m. difficillime, Cornif. rhet.: purissimus multo, Varro fr.: m. maximus, Komik. u. Cic.: m. maxime, Ter. u. Augustin.: m. antiquissimus, Cic.: multo formosissimus, Nep.: m. maximā parte, Cic.: bei post u. ante, non multo post, nicht lange nachher, Cic.: multo ante, Nep., od. ante multo, Cic., lange vorher. – b) doppelt, multo multoque, um gar vieles, gar viel, beim Komparativ usw., multo multoque longior, Fronto ad M. Caes. 2, 2 (5). p. 28, 1 N.: multo multoque operosius est, Val. Max. 4, 1, 2: multo multoque magis, Fronto laud. negl. p. 214, 15 N. – c) multo tanto, um so viel mehr, ne ille hercle mihi sit multo tanto carior, si etc., Plaut. Bacch. 310: u. so Plaut. Men. 800; rud. 521; Stich. 339. Gell. 12, 2, 14. Apul. met. 7, 15 u.a. (s. Hildebr. Apul. met. 6, 1. p. 396, b): multo tanto————propius, Varro LL. 7, 3.B) multum, 1) vom Grade, sehr, weit, vielmals, a) neben Verben, salve m., sei vielmals, sei herzlich gegrüßt, Plaut.: vale m., leb recht wohl, Plaut.: non m. confidere, nicht sehr, nicht sonderlich, Caes.: m. desiderare, Nep.: non ita m. uti sorore, nicht so sehr, Cic.: longe multumque superare, Cic.: ebenso auch poet. Acc. Plur. multa adverb. neben Verben, multa reluctari, Verg.: multa gemens, Verg. – b) neben Adjektiven, m. dispar, Cic.: vir m. bonus, Cic.: m. familiaris, Fronto: m. loquaces, Plaut.: m. inepti labores, Plin. ep. – c) neben Komparativen = multo, zB. non multum est maius, Cic.: m. improbiores, Plaut.: m. robustior, Iuven.: selten bei Superlativen, m. carissimus ac desiderantissimus filius, Augustin. epist. 139 lemm. – 2) v. der Zeit, Vielmals, oft, viel, multum mecum sunt, Cic.: multum mecum loquuntur, Cic.: multum et saepe quaesita, Cic.: multum et diu cogitans, Cic.: diu multumque scriptitare, Cic.C) plus, 1) v. der Menge, mehr, a) m. folg. quam, wie: non pl. quam semel, Cic.: plus quam satis (erat), Ter.: non pl. quam in tres partes posse distribui, in nicht mehr als, Cic.: nulla (navis) pl. quam triginta remis agatur, mit mehr als, Liv.: plus quam decem dies abesse, weiter als, Cic. – b) ohne quam, zB. pl. semel, Varro fr.: plus satis, Ter.: pl. millies audivi, Ter.: pl. mille capti, Liv.: plus quingentos colaphos————infregit, Ter.: plus pars dimidia caesa est, Liv.: plus parte tertiā interfectā, Caes.: plus dimidiati mensis cibaria ferebant, Cic.: ut plus biennium in his tricis moremur, Cic.: cum pl. annum aeger fuisset, Liv.: plus aut minus, plus minus, plus minusve, plusve minusve, mehr oder weniger, ungefähr, auf und ab, septingenti sunt paulo plus aut minus anni, Enn.: abesse plus minus octo milibus, Hirt. b. G.: ne quid plus minusve faxit, quod nos pigeat, Ter.: ne plus minusve loqueretur ex tempore, Suet.: venerunt plusve minusve duae, Mart. – c) m. Abl., zB. ut pl. unā vera sit, Cic.: nec esse pl. uno, mehr als einer, Cic.: annos sexaginta natus est aut pl. eo, oder mehr als soviel, oder darüber, Ter. – 2) v. Grade, mehr, confiteor eos plus quam sicarios, plus quam homicidas, plus etiam quam parricidas esse, Cic.: plus cruciari, Balb. in Cic. ep.: multo plus, Anton. in Cic. ep.: paulo plus, Liv.: plus aequo, mehr als billig, Cic.: plus iusto, Liv.: plus nimio, allzusehr, Hor.: plus plusque, immer mehr u. mehr, quem plus plusque in dies diligo, Cic.: dah. auch neben Adii. = magis, plus formosus, Calp. ecl. 11, 72: u. plus quam beim Komparativ, vilior fiam plus quam factus sum, Vulg. 2. regg. 6, 22: plus erat quam palea levior, Commodian. apol. 5: u. ohne quam, oculi domini multo plus lucidiores sunt super solem, Vulg. Sirach 23, 28: u. plus quam beim Superlativ, plus quam benignissimus, Corp.————inscr. Lat. 9, 1876. – so auch plura zuw. adverb., ne te in promissis plura moremur, weiter, länger, Lucr. 5, 91.D) plurimum, 1) v. Grade, am meisten, pl. intererat, Cic.: ut te pl. diligam, Cic.: plurimum quantum favoris, Flor. 4, 2, 74: pl. quantum nocere, recht sehr, überaus, Min. Fel. 23, 1; vgl. ibid.40, 1. – 2) von der Menge, a) recht viel, ut plurimum tussiat, Petron. 117, 9. – b) höchstens, pl. drachma, modice quattuor obolis, Plin.: diebus plurimum novem, Plin. – 3) v. Umfange der Zeit, größtenteils, meistenteils, domum ire pergam; ibi plurimum est, Ter. Phorm. 194: pl. Cypri vixit, Nep. Chabr. 3, 4.⇒ Im Vulgärlat. gesteigerter Kompar. plurior, Fulg. myth. 1. praef. p. 16 M. Itala Ioann. 7, 31. Hilar. in ep. ad Philem. 3 (Pitra spicil. 1, 150 ). Gloss. II, 409, 12 (pluriora). – Archaist. Superl. ploirimus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 32, wo ploirume = plurime: plisimus od. plusimus, Fest. 205 (a), 17. Varro LL. 7, 27. Vgl. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 437.————————[b]multum, Subst. u. Adv., s. nach multus. -
13 alter
alter tera, terum, gen. terīus or terius, dat. alterī (f rarely alterae), pronom adj. [2 AL-], one, another, the one, the other (of two): necesse est sit alterum de duobus: altera ex duabus legionibus, Cs.: alter consulum, L.: in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit, on the other side, Cs.: ut consules alter ambove cognoscerent, one or both: absente consulum altero ambobusve, L. — Alter... alter, the one... the other, the former... the latter: curemus aequam uterque partem; ut alterum, ego item alterum, T.: quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos; alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget: quorum alteri adiuvabant, alteri, etc., Cs.: qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant, L.—Unus... alter, one... the other: Ph. Una iniuria est tecum... altera est tecum, T.: uni epistulae respondi, venio ad alteram. — Opp. to other distributive words: alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.: lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad, etc., Cs.: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet, N.: uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum: neutrum eorum contra alterum iuvare, Cs.—Esp., as a numeral, the second, next (cf. secundus): primo die... alter dies... tertius dies: proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus: sive iterum Sulla sive alter Marius: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert, H. — So, alterā die, the next day: altero die quam, on the next day after, L. — With praepp.: qui tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam, next after: Fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the next after him, V.—In compound numbers: litteras altero vicensimo die reddidit, on the twenty-second day.—Of a number collectively: hos libros alteros quinque mittemus, a second series of five: Aurea mala decem misi; cras altera (sc. decem) mittam, V. — In the phrase, unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.—Usu. of an indef. number, one and another, a couple, one or two: Unus et item alter, T.: unum et alterum diem desiderari: versus paulo concinnior unus et alter, H.—Rarely of a definite number, two: unus et alter dies intercesserat.—Alterum tantum, as much more, as much again, twice as much: altero tanto longior, N.: numero tantum alterum adiecit, L. — Of quality or character, a second, another, i. e. very like: Verres, alter Orcus: alter ego: amicus est tamquam alter idem, a second self.—The one of two, either of two (for alteruter): non uterque sed alter: sine alteris vestrum vivere, L. — Meton., another (for alius): victis non ad alterius praescriptum imperare, Cs.: si nullius alterius nos pudet, nobody else, L.—Hence, a neighbor, fellow-creature: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: nihil alterius causā facere.—The other, the opposite: alterius factionis principes, the leaders of the opposite party, N.—Different, changed: quotiens et specula videris alterum, H.* * *Ithe_one... the_other (alter... alter); otherwiseIIaltera, alterum ADJone (of two); second/another; former/latterIIIunus et alter-- one or two/other
second/further/next/other/latter/some person/thing (actually PRON); either -
14 alter
alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):I.alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!
Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,
Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,
id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:alterae,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.Lit.A.In gen.:B.nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:altera ex duabus legionibus,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;cum altero vero magnus usus,
Cic. Clu. 42, 117:alter consulum,
Liv. 40, 59:alter ex censoribus,
id. 40, 52:in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,
on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,
Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,
Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,
Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —Esp.1.a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:b.Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,
Cato, R. R. 38, 9:alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,
Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;alteram Camulogenus tenebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,
Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;c.ea optima est,
Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;venio ad alteram,
Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,
Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,
Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,
Eutr. 1, 8:Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,
Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:(α).Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,
id. ib.:alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,
Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimesone alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):(β).duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,
Liv. 29, 33:hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; orthe form changed:d.dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,
Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,
Sen. Ep. 66, 39:alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,
Amm. 14, 11.—In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;e.alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,
id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —The second alter in a different case:2.alter alterius ova frangit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49:uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,
Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,
Liv. 5, 11:alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,
Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,
Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:dicunt unus ad alterum,
Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,
ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,
Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,
Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:ut nemo sit alteri similis,
Quint. 2, 9, 2:cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,
id. 7, prooem. 4:neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,
Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:ut neutra alteri officiat,
Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,
Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:b.primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,
id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:quadriennio post alterum consulatum,
id. Sen. 9:die altero,
Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:die altero,
ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,
Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,
every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,
Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,
next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,
id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:c.accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,
on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,
in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:vicesima et altera laedit,
Manil. 4, 466.—So of a number collectively:d.remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,
a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,
Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,
a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.(α).For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):(β).unus et alter dies intercesserat,
Cic. Clu. 26:adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,
id. Att. 14, 18:et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,
Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:e.Unus et item alter,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,
Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:ex illis unus et alter ait,
Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,
Tac. G. 6.—Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):f.etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:altero tanto aut sesqui major,
Cic. Or. 56, 188:altero tanto longior,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:numero tantum alterum adjecit,
Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—Alteri totidem, as many more:g.de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,
Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,(α).With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):(β).Verres, alter Orcus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:alterum se Verrem putabat,
id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:Hamilcar, Mars alter,
Liv. 21, 10.—With a com. noun:(γ).me sicut alterum parentem observat,
Cic. Fam. 5, 8:altera patria,
Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):(δ).vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 5:me alterum se fore dixit,
id. Att. 4, 1:quoniam alterum me reliquissem,
id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):3.amicus est tamquam alter idem,
Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:II.non uterque sed alter,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,
id. Att. 11, 18:melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,
Liv. 1, 13:nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,
Ov. A. A. 3, 520:ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,
Quint. 5, 10, 69:ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,
id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—Transf.A.Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:B.qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 14:ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,
id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:scientem in errorem alterum inducere,
id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:cave ne portus occupet alter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,
id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,
Phaedr. 1, 19:nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,
Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,
Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,
ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,
ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,
id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:qui me alter audacior est homo?
id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—The other, the opposite:C.alterius factionis principes,
the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,
Suet. Tib. 11. —In gen., different:D.quotiens te speculo videris alterum,
Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).► The gen.alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:► ‡ altĕras, adv.alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,
Sen. Ep. 66, 39:cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,
Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).[alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll. -
15 alteras
alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):I.alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!
Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,
Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,
id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:alterae,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.Lit.A.In gen.:B.nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:altera ex duabus legionibus,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;cum altero vero magnus usus,
Cic. Clu. 42, 117:alter consulum,
Liv. 40, 59:alter ex censoribus,
id. 40, 52:in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,
on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,
Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,
Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,
Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —Esp.1.a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:b.Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,
Cato, R. R. 38, 9:alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,
Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;alteram Camulogenus tenebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,
Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;c.ea optima est,
Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;venio ad alteram,
Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,
Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,
Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,
Eutr. 1, 8:Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,
Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:(α).Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,
id. ib.:alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,
Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimesone alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):(β).duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,
Liv. 29, 33:hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; orthe form changed:d.dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,
Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,
Sen. Ep. 66, 39:alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,
Amm. 14, 11.—In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;e.alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,
id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —The second alter in a different case:2.alter alterius ova frangit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49:uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,
Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,
Liv. 5, 11:alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,
Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,
Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:dicunt unus ad alterum,
Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,
ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,
Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,
Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:ut nemo sit alteri similis,
Quint. 2, 9, 2:cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,
id. 7, prooem. 4:neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,
Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:ut neutra alteri officiat,
Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,
Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:b.primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,
id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:quadriennio post alterum consulatum,
id. Sen. 9:die altero,
Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:die altero,
ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,
Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,
every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,
Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,
next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,
id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:c.accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,
on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,
in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:vicesima et altera laedit,
Manil. 4, 466.—So of a number collectively:d.remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,
a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,
Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,
a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.(α).For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):(β).unus et alter dies intercesserat,
Cic. Clu. 26:adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,
id. Att. 14, 18:et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,
Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:e.Unus et item alter,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,
Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:ex illis unus et alter ait,
Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,
Tac. G. 6.—Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):f.etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:altero tanto aut sesqui major,
Cic. Or. 56, 188:altero tanto longior,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:numero tantum alterum adjecit,
Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—Alteri totidem, as many more:g.de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,
Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,(α).With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):(β).Verres, alter Orcus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:alterum se Verrem putabat,
id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:Hamilcar, Mars alter,
Liv. 21, 10.—With a com. noun:(γ).me sicut alterum parentem observat,
Cic. Fam. 5, 8:altera patria,
Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):(δ).vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 5:me alterum se fore dixit,
id. Att. 4, 1:quoniam alterum me reliquissem,
id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):3.amicus est tamquam alter idem,
Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:II.non uterque sed alter,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,
id. Att. 11, 18:melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,
Liv. 1, 13:nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,
Ov. A. A. 3, 520:ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,
Quint. 5, 10, 69:ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,
id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—Transf.A.Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:B.qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 14:ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,
id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:scientem in errorem alterum inducere,
id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:cave ne portus occupet alter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,
id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,
Phaedr. 1, 19:nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,
Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,
Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,
ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,
ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,
id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:qui me alter audacior est homo?
id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—The other, the opposite:C.alterius factionis principes,
the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,
Suet. Tib. 11. —In gen., different:D.quotiens te speculo videris alterum,
Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).► The gen.alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:► ‡ altĕras, adv.alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,
Sen. Ep. 66, 39:cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,
Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).[alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll. -
16 breve
brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).I.Lit., in space.A.In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:2.brevior via,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:via brevis,
Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:cursus brevissimus,
Verg. A. 3, 507:brevius iter,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:cursu brevissimus Almo,
id. M. 14, 329:quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?
so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,
id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,
Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:brevissima terra,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,
a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:brevibus Gyaris,
Juv. 1, 73:scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),
that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:quo brevius valent,
the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—Trop. of the journey of life:B.quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?
Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,
id. Sest. 21, 47:tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,
Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:fila vitae breviora,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);C.of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,
Quint. 2, 3, 8:forma,
Ov. M. 5, 457:(puella) longa brevisque,
id. Am. 2, 4, 36:brevis corpore,
Suet. Galb. 3;id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,
Ov. M. 9, 789.—Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,
lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:brevior ilex,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:mus,
little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):2.puteus,
Juv. 3, 226:vada,
Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,
Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:brevia litorum,
id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:breve,
Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—Trop.:D.brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,
difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—Of the line of a circle:II.ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,
makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,
Plin. 2. 15, 13, §63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,
Sen. Hippol. 314. —Transf., of time.A. 1.In gen.:2.quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:brevis hora,
Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:occasio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:brevis hic est fructus homulleis,
short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,
Inscr. Orell. 558:omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,
Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3; so,vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,
occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:brevissimum tempus,
id. 5, 6, 7:detrimentum,
Quint. 11, 1, 10:arbitrium mortis,
Tac. A. 15, 60:breves populi Romani amores,
id. ib. 2, 41:tempus,
Suet. Ner. 20 al.:nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 5:fructus,
Lucr. 3, 914:aevum,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:anni,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:ver,
Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:flores rosae,
quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:lilium,
id. ib. 1, 36, 16:cena,
frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:mensa,
id. A. P. 198:dominus,
living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:stultitia,
id. ib. 4, 12, 27:ira furor brevis est,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:actio brevis atque concisa,
Quint. 6, 4, 2:somnus,
Sen. Troad. 441:nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,
nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:domus,
Sen. Hippol. 762:fortuna,
Sil. 4, 734.—Esp.a.Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:b.brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,
Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):c.inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,
Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:in multo breviore temporis spatio,
id. Aug. 22:multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,
Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:spatio brevi,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,
soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,
Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:brevi deinde,
id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,
Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,
Liv. 1, 9, 9:brevi omnia subegit,
Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:d.illa brevi spatio silet,
id. ib. 7, 307; so,* breve,
Cat. 61, 187.—Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:B.ad breve quoddam tempus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.1.Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):2.narratio,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,
id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!
id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,
Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):breviores commentarii,
Quint. 3, 8, 58:annotatio,
id. 10, 7, 31:brevia illa atque concisa,
id. 10, 7, 10; so,sententiae,
id. 10, 1, 60:causae,
id. 6, 1, 8:docendi compendia,
id. 1, 1, 24:comprehensiones,
id. 12, 2, 19:quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,
id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:brevior in scribendo,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,
Hor. A. P. 25:in eloquendo brevis,
Quint. 10, 1, 63:densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,
id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,
Charis. p. 176 P.:id percurram brevi,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:aliquid explicare,
id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:circumscribere et definire,
id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:complecti,
id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:exponere,
id. ib. 1, 46, 203:reprehendere,
id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:reddere,
id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:respondere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:perscribere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:in brevi,
Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:quid scribam? breve faciam,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:in breve coactae causae,
Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:in breve coactio causae,
Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:brevis nominum,
Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—Of a short syllable;C.rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Hor. A. P. 251:a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,
Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,
Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:in fine pro longā accipi brevem,
Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:plurimum habent celeritatis breves,
id. 9, 4, 91.—Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,
Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—For parvus, exiguus, little, small:1.exigua pars brevisque,
Lucr. 5, 591:Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,
Hor. Epod. 5, 15:Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,
Ov. H. 2, 119:brevi latere ac pede longo est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,
Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:parvae alvi): mus,
Ov. F. 2, 574:forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),
id. M. 5, 457.—So, lapathi herba,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):folia breviora,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):census,
id. C. 2, 15, 13:pondus,
id. S. 2, 2, 37:impensa,
Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:sigillum,
id. M. 6, 86:insulae,
Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:offulae,
id. 1, 29, 4:pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,
Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,
Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:2.parvo brevius quam totus,
a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,
Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.a.In gen.:b.iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,
Gell. 19, 1, 20.—Esp.(α).In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:(β).sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:rem totam breviter cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:summatim breviterque describere,
id. Or. 15, 50:breviter tangere,
id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:breviter et modice disserere,
Sall. J. 111, 1:adicere aliquid,
Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),
Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—Of syllables:quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,
Cic. Or. 48, 159. -
17 brevi
brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).I.Lit., in space.A.In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:2.brevior via,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:via brevis,
Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:cursus brevissimus,
Verg. A. 3, 507:brevius iter,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:cursu brevissimus Almo,
id. M. 14, 329:quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?
so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,
id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,
Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:brevissima terra,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,
a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:brevibus Gyaris,
Juv. 1, 73:scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),
that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:quo brevius valent,
the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—Trop. of the journey of life:B.quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?
Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,
id. Sest. 21, 47:tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,
Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:fila vitae breviora,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);C.of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,
Quint. 2, 3, 8:forma,
Ov. M. 5, 457:(puella) longa brevisque,
id. Am. 2, 4, 36:brevis corpore,
Suet. Galb. 3;id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,
Ov. M. 9, 789.—Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,
lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:brevior ilex,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:mus,
little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):2.puteus,
Juv. 3, 226:vada,
Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,
Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:brevia litorum,
id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:breve,
Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—Trop.:D.brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,
difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—Of the line of a circle:II.ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,
makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,
Plin. 2. 15, 13, §63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,
Sen. Hippol. 314. —Transf., of time.A. 1.In gen.:2.quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:brevis hora,
Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:occasio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:brevis hic est fructus homulleis,
short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,
Inscr. Orell. 558:omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,
Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3; so,vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,
occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:brevissimum tempus,
id. 5, 6, 7:detrimentum,
Quint. 11, 1, 10:arbitrium mortis,
Tac. A. 15, 60:breves populi Romani amores,
id. ib. 2, 41:tempus,
Suet. Ner. 20 al.:nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 5:fructus,
Lucr. 3, 914:aevum,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:anni,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:ver,
Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:flores rosae,
quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:lilium,
id. ib. 1, 36, 16:cena,
frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:mensa,
id. A. P. 198:dominus,
living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:stultitia,
id. ib. 4, 12, 27:ira furor brevis est,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:actio brevis atque concisa,
Quint. 6, 4, 2:somnus,
Sen. Troad. 441:nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,
nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:domus,
Sen. Hippol. 762:fortuna,
Sil. 4, 734.—Esp.a.Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:b.brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,
Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):c.inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,
Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:in multo breviore temporis spatio,
id. Aug. 22:multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,
Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:spatio brevi,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,
soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,
Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:brevi deinde,
id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,
Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,
Liv. 1, 9, 9:brevi omnia subegit,
Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:d.illa brevi spatio silet,
id. ib. 7, 307; so,* breve,
Cat. 61, 187.—Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:B.ad breve quoddam tempus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.1.Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):2.narratio,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,
id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!
id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,
Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):breviores commentarii,
Quint. 3, 8, 58:annotatio,
id. 10, 7, 31:brevia illa atque concisa,
id. 10, 7, 10; so,sententiae,
id. 10, 1, 60:causae,
id. 6, 1, 8:docendi compendia,
id. 1, 1, 24:comprehensiones,
id. 12, 2, 19:quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,
id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:brevior in scribendo,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,
Hor. A. P. 25:in eloquendo brevis,
Quint. 10, 1, 63:densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,
id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,
Charis. p. 176 P.:id percurram brevi,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:aliquid explicare,
id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:circumscribere et definire,
id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:complecti,
id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:exponere,
id. ib. 1, 46, 203:reprehendere,
id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:reddere,
id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:respondere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:perscribere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:in brevi,
Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:quid scribam? breve faciam,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:in breve coactae causae,
Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:in breve coactio causae,
Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:brevis nominum,
Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—Of a short syllable;C.rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Hor. A. P. 251:a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,
Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,
Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:in fine pro longā accipi brevem,
Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:plurimum habent celeritatis breves,
id. 9, 4, 91.—Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,
Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—For parvus, exiguus, little, small:1.exigua pars brevisque,
Lucr. 5, 591:Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,
Hor. Epod. 5, 15:Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,
Ov. H. 2, 119:brevi latere ac pede longo est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,
Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:parvae alvi): mus,
Ov. F. 2, 574:forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),
id. M. 5, 457.—So, lapathi herba,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):folia breviora,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):census,
id. C. 2, 15, 13:pondus,
id. S. 2, 2, 37:impensa,
Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:sigillum,
id. M. 6, 86:insulae,
Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:offulae,
id. 1, 29, 4:pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,
Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,
Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:2.parvo brevius quam totus,
a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,
Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.a.In gen.:b.iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,
Gell. 19, 1, 20.—Esp.(α).In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:(β).sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:rem totam breviter cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:summatim breviterque describere,
id. Or. 15, 50:breviter tangere,
id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:breviter et modice disserere,
Sall. J. 111, 1:adicere aliquid,
Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),
Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—Of syllables:quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,
Cic. Or. 48, 159. -
18 brevia
brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).I.Lit., in space.A.In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:2.brevior via,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:via brevis,
Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:cursus brevissimus,
Verg. A. 3, 507:brevius iter,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:cursu brevissimus Almo,
id. M. 14, 329:quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?
so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,
id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,
Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:brevissima terra,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,
a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:brevibus Gyaris,
Juv. 1, 73:scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),
that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:quo brevius valent,
the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—Trop. of the journey of life:B.quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?
Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,
id. Sest. 21, 47:tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,
Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:fila vitae breviora,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);C.of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,
Quint. 2, 3, 8:forma,
Ov. M. 5, 457:(puella) longa brevisque,
id. Am. 2, 4, 36:brevis corpore,
Suet. Galb. 3;id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,
Ov. M. 9, 789.—Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,
lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:brevior ilex,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:mus,
little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):2.puteus,
Juv. 3, 226:vada,
Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,
Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:brevia litorum,
id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:breve,
Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—Trop.:D.brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,
difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—Of the line of a circle:II.ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,
makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,
Plin. 2. 15, 13, §63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,
Sen. Hippol. 314. —Transf., of time.A. 1.In gen.:2.quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:brevis hora,
Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:occasio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:brevis hic est fructus homulleis,
short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,
Inscr. Orell. 558:omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,
Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3; so,vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,
occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:brevissimum tempus,
id. 5, 6, 7:detrimentum,
Quint. 11, 1, 10:arbitrium mortis,
Tac. A. 15, 60:breves populi Romani amores,
id. ib. 2, 41:tempus,
Suet. Ner. 20 al.:nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 5:fructus,
Lucr. 3, 914:aevum,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:anni,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:ver,
Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:flores rosae,
quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:lilium,
id. ib. 1, 36, 16:cena,
frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:mensa,
id. A. P. 198:dominus,
living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:stultitia,
id. ib. 4, 12, 27:ira furor brevis est,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:actio brevis atque concisa,
Quint. 6, 4, 2:somnus,
Sen. Troad. 441:nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,
nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:domus,
Sen. Hippol. 762:fortuna,
Sil. 4, 734.—Esp.a.Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:b.brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,
Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):c.inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,
Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:in multo breviore temporis spatio,
id. Aug. 22:multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,
Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:spatio brevi,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,
soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,
Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:brevi deinde,
id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,
Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,
Liv. 1, 9, 9:brevi omnia subegit,
Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:d.illa brevi spatio silet,
id. ib. 7, 307; so,* breve,
Cat. 61, 187.—Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:B.ad breve quoddam tempus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.1.Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):2.narratio,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,
id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!
id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,
Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):breviores commentarii,
Quint. 3, 8, 58:annotatio,
id. 10, 7, 31:brevia illa atque concisa,
id. 10, 7, 10; so,sententiae,
id. 10, 1, 60:causae,
id. 6, 1, 8:docendi compendia,
id. 1, 1, 24:comprehensiones,
id. 12, 2, 19:quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,
id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:brevior in scribendo,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,
Hor. A. P. 25:in eloquendo brevis,
Quint. 10, 1, 63:densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,
id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,
Charis. p. 176 P.:id percurram brevi,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:aliquid explicare,
id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:circumscribere et definire,
id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:complecti,
id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:exponere,
id. ib. 1, 46, 203:reprehendere,
id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:reddere,
id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:respondere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:perscribere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:in brevi,
Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:quid scribam? breve faciam,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:in breve coactae causae,
Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:in breve coactio causae,
Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:brevis nominum,
Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—Of a short syllable;C.rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Hor. A. P. 251:a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,
Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,
Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:in fine pro longā accipi brevem,
Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:plurimum habent celeritatis breves,
id. 9, 4, 91.—Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,
Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—For parvus, exiguus, little, small:1.exigua pars brevisque,
Lucr. 5, 591:Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,
Hor. Epod. 5, 15:Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,
Ov. H. 2, 119:brevi latere ac pede longo est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,
Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:parvae alvi): mus,
Ov. F. 2, 574:forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),
id. M. 5, 457.—So, lapathi herba,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):folia breviora,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):census,
id. C. 2, 15, 13:pondus,
id. S. 2, 2, 37:impensa,
Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:sigillum,
id. M. 6, 86:insulae,
Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:offulae,
id. 1, 29, 4:pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,
Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,
Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:2.parvo brevius quam totus,
a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,
Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.a.In gen.:b.iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,
Gell. 19, 1, 20.—Esp.(α).In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:(β).sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:rem totam breviter cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:summatim breviterque describere,
id. Or. 15, 50:breviter tangere,
id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:breviter et modice disserere,
Sall. J. 111, 1:adicere aliquid,
Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),
Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—Of syllables:quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,
Cic. Or. 48, 159. -
19 brevis
brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).I.Lit., in space.A.In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:2.brevior via,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:via brevis,
Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:cursus brevissimus,
Verg. A. 3, 507:brevius iter,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:cursu brevissimus Almo,
id. M. 14, 329:quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?
so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,
id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,
Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:brevissima terra,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,
a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:brevibus Gyaris,
Juv. 1, 73:scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),
that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:quo brevius valent,
the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—Trop. of the journey of life:B.quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?
Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,
id. Sest. 21, 47:tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,
Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:fila vitae breviora,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);C.of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,
Quint. 2, 3, 8:forma,
Ov. M. 5, 457:(puella) longa brevisque,
id. Am. 2, 4, 36:brevis corpore,
Suet. Galb. 3;id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,
Ov. M. 9, 789.—Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,
lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:brevior ilex,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:mus,
little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):2.puteus,
Juv. 3, 226:vada,
Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,
Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:brevia litorum,
id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:breve,
Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—Trop.:D.brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,
difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—Of the line of a circle:II.ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,
makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,
Plin. 2. 15, 13, §63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,
Sen. Hippol. 314. —Transf., of time.A. 1.In gen.:2.quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:brevis hora,
Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:occasio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:brevis hic est fructus homulleis,
short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,
Inscr. Orell. 558:omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,
Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3; so,vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,
occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:brevissimum tempus,
id. 5, 6, 7:detrimentum,
Quint. 11, 1, 10:arbitrium mortis,
Tac. A. 15, 60:breves populi Romani amores,
id. ib. 2, 41:tempus,
Suet. Ner. 20 al.:nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 5:fructus,
Lucr. 3, 914:aevum,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:anni,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:ver,
Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:flores rosae,
quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:lilium,
id. ib. 1, 36, 16:cena,
frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:mensa,
id. A. P. 198:dominus,
living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:stultitia,
id. ib. 4, 12, 27:ira furor brevis est,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:actio brevis atque concisa,
Quint. 6, 4, 2:somnus,
Sen. Troad. 441:nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,
nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:domus,
Sen. Hippol. 762:fortuna,
Sil. 4, 734.—Esp.a.Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:b.brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,
Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):c.inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,
Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:in multo breviore temporis spatio,
id. Aug. 22:multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,
Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:spatio brevi,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,
soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,
Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:brevi deinde,
id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,
Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,
Liv. 1, 9, 9:brevi omnia subegit,
Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:d.illa brevi spatio silet,
id. ib. 7, 307; so,* breve,
Cat. 61, 187.—Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:B.ad breve quoddam tempus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.1.Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):2.narratio,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,
id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!
id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,
Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):breviores commentarii,
Quint. 3, 8, 58:annotatio,
id. 10, 7, 31:brevia illa atque concisa,
id. 10, 7, 10; so,sententiae,
id. 10, 1, 60:causae,
id. 6, 1, 8:docendi compendia,
id. 1, 1, 24:comprehensiones,
id. 12, 2, 19:quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,
id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:brevior in scribendo,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,
Hor. A. P. 25:in eloquendo brevis,
Quint. 10, 1, 63:densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,
id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,
Charis. p. 176 P.:id percurram brevi,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:aliquid explicare,
id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:circumscribere et definire,
id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:complecti,
id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:exponere,
id. ib. 1, 46, 203:reprehendere,
id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:reddere,
id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:respondere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:perscribere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:in brevi,
Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:quid scribam? breve faciam,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:in breve coactae causae,
Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:in breve coactio causae,
Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:brevis nominum,
Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—Of a short syllable;C.rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Hor. A. P. 251:a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,
Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,
Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:in fine pro longā accipi brevem,
Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:plurimum habent celeritatis breves,
id. 9, 4, 91.—Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,
Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—For parvus, exiguus, little, small:1.exigua pars brevisque,
Lucr. 5, 591:Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,
Hor. Epod. 5, 15:Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,
Ov. H. 2, 119:brevi latere ac pede longo est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,
Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:parvae alvi): mus,
Ov. F. 2, 574:forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),
id. M. 5, 457.—So, lapathi herba,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):folia breviora,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):census,
id. C. 2, 15, 13:pondus,
id. S. 2, 2, 37:impensa,
Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:sigillum,
id. M. 6, 86:insulae,
Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:offulae,
id. 1, 29, 4:pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,
Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,
Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:2.parvo brevius quam totus,
a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,
Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.a.In gen.:b.iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,
Gell. 19, 1, 20.—Esp.(α).In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:(β).sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:rem totam breviter cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:summatim breviterque describere,
id. Or. 15, 50:breviter tangere,
id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:breviter et modice disserere,
Sall. J. 111, 1:adicere aliquid,
Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),
Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—Of syllables:quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,
Cic. Or. 48, 159. -
20 sermo
sermo, ōnis, m. [2. sero, qs. serta, conserta oratio], a speaking or talking with any one; talk, conversation, discourse:I.sermo est a serie: sermo enim non potest in uno homine esse solo, sed ubi oratio cum altero conjuncta,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll. (very freq. in prose and poetry).Lit.A.In gen. (syn. colloquium): quoniam magna vis orationis est eaque duplex, altera contentionis, altera sermonis: contentio disceptationibus tribuatur judiciorum, contionum, senatus: sermo in circulis, disputationibus, congressionibus familiarium versetur;B.sequatur etiam convivia, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:quod mihi servus sermonem serat,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 37:sermones serere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 106:multa inter sese vario sermone serebant,
Verg. A. 6, 160:sermonem nobiscum ibi copulat,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 42:dum sermones fabulandi conferant,
id. ib. prol. 34:caput et pes sermonis,
id. As. 3, 3, 139:cum ea tu sermonem nec joco nec serio Tibi habeas,
id. Am. 3, 2, 25; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 1:ibi illa cum sermonem occipit,
id. Eun. 4, 1, 8:dum sermones caedimus,
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 1:sermonem cum aliquo conferre,
Cic. Off. 1, 38, 136; id. Inv. 2, 4, 14:in nostris sermonibus collocutionibusque,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 4:mature veniunt, discumbitur: fit sermo inter eos,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:dum longior consulto ab Ambiorige instituitur sermo,
Caes. B. G. 5, 37:sermonis aditum cum aliquo habere,
id. ib. 5, 41:nullum tibi omnino cum Albinovano sermonem ullā de re fuisse,
Cic. Vatin. 1, 3; id. de Or. 2, 73, 296:erat in ore, in sermone omnium,
id. Phil. 10, 7, 14; cf.: memini in eum sermonem illum incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore, id. Lael. 1, 2:aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11:referre sermones deorum,
id. C. 3, 3, 71 (cf.:consiliantibus divis,
id. ib. 3, 3, 18):et euntem multa loquendo Detinuit sermone diem,
Ov. M. 1, 683:nunc inter eos tu sermo es,
you are the talk, Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 7:jucundus est mihi sermo litterarum tuarum,
the conversing with you by letter, Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 3; cf.:littera sermonis fida ministra mei,
Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 2.—In partic.1.Literary conversation, discourse, disputation, discussion (cf. oratio): tum Furius: Quid vos agitis? num sermonem vestrum aliquem diremit noster interventus? Minime vero, Africanus;b.soles enim tu haec studiose investigare, quae sunt in hoc genere, de quo instituerat paulo ante Tubero quaerere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17; cf. id. ib. 1, 13, 19:in sermonem ingredi (just before: in disputationem ingredi),
id. ib. 1, 24, 38:(Scaevola) exposuit nobis sermonem Laelii de amicitiā habitum ab illo secum... Ejus disputationis sententias memoriae mandavi, etc.... ut tamquam a praesentibus haberi sermo videretur,
id. Lael. 1, 3:rebus his, de quibus hic sermo est,
id. Fin. 3, 12, 40:feci sermonem inter nos habitum in Cumano. Tibi dedi partes Antiochinas, etc.,
id. Fam. 9, 8, 1:in quo (circulo) de philosophiā sermo haberetur,
Nep. Epam. 3, 3:Socratici sermones,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 9; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 44; 2, 15, 26:in longum sermonem me vocas, Attice,
Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13:nunc enim sermo de naturā est,
our subject, Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 67; 3, 1, pr. § 2; 16, 32, 58, § 134; Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 17, 15; Capitol. Gord. 3, 3 init. —Concr., a talk, speech, discourse (more informal and unpretending than oratio):2.meos multos et illustres et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 2; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 2; Quint. 11, 2, 24.—Ordinary speech, speaking, talking, the language of conversation (opp. contentio):b.sermo est oratio remissa et finitima cottidianae locutioni,
Auct. Her. 3, 13, 23; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:mollis est oratio philosophorum et umbratilis, etc.... Itaque sermo potius quam oratio dicitur,
id. Or. 19, 64: in argumentis Caecilius poscit palmam, in sermonibus Plautus, i. e. in dialogue, Varr. ap. Non. 374, 9:soluta oratio, qualis in sermone et epistulis,
Quint. 9, 4, 19:C. Piso, statarius et sermonis plenus orator,
Cic. Brut. 68, 239:si quis scribat, uti nos, Sermoni propiora,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 42:vocem sermoni proximam,
Quint. 11, 3, 162:ut litigantes quoque a sermone incipiant, ad vociferationem transeant,
Sen. Ep. 15, 6.—Of prose as opposed to poetry:comoedia... nisi quod pede certo Differt sermoni sermo merus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 48:et tragicus plerumque dolet sermone pedestri Telephus et Peleus, etc.,
id. A. P. 95.—Concr., of verses in a conversational style, a satire:3.ille (delectatur) Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 60:Albi, nostrorum sermonum candide judex,
id. ib. 1, 4, 1:nec sermones ego mallem Repentes per humum quam res componere gestas,
id. ib. 2, 1, 250.—With reference to some particular object, common talk respecting any thing, report, rumor (syn.:II.fama, rumor): vulgi sermo,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1:nunc per urbem solus sermo est omnibus, Eum, etc.,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 4:sermo est totā Asiā dissipatus, Cn. Pompeium, etc.,
Cic. Fl. 6, 14:mihi venit in mentem multum fore sermonem, me, etc.,
id. Att. 7, 23, 2:si istiusmodi sermones ad te delati de me sunt, non debuisti credere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 5 sq.:in sermonem hominum venire,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 13:audita et percelebrata sermonibus res est,
id. Cael. 29, 69; cf.:vix feram sermones hominum, si, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 9, 23:vestrae perigrinantur aures, neque in hoc pervagato civitatis sermone versantur,
this talk of the town, id. Mil. 12, 33:refrigerato jam levissimo sermone hominum,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:sermones inimicorum effugere,
id. Cael. 16, 38:sermones lacessere, reprimere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 7: retudit sermones, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:ne putet aliquid oratione meā sermonis in sese aut invidiae esse quaesitum,
of slander, calumny, Cic. Fl. 5, 13:dabimus sermonem iis, qui, etc.,
give them something to talk about, id. Fam. 9, 3; so,materiam sermonibus praebere,
Tac. H. 4, 4: cataplus ille Puteolanus, sermo illius temporis, Cic. [p. 1680] Rab. Post. 14, 40 B. and K. dub.; v. Orell. N. cr. —Transf., a manner of speaking, mode of expression, language, style, diction, etc. (cf. lingua):B.sermone eo debemus uti, qui notus est nobis, ne, ut quidam Graeca verba inculcantes jure optimo rideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111:cujus (Terentii) fabellae propter elegantiam sermonis putabantur a C. Laelio scribi,
id. Att. 7, 3, 10:et sane quid est aliud vetus sermo quam vetus loquendi consuetudo?
Quint. 1, 6, 43; 12, 2, 3.—A language, the speech of a nation, etc.:C.cui (Catulo) non solum nos Latini sermonis, sed etiam Graeci ipsi solent suae linguae subtilitatem elegantiamque concedere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 7, 28:in Latino sermone,
id. ib. 3, 11, 42:quae philosophi Graeco sermone tractavissent, ea Latinis litteris mandaremus,
id. Fin. 1, 1, 1:patrii sermonis egestas,
Lucr. 1, 832; 3, 260:cum lingua Catonis et Enni Sermonem patrium ditaverit,
Hor. A. P. 57:aves, quae sermonem imitantur humanum... Agrippina turdum habuit imitantem sermones hominum... lusciniae Graeco atque Latino sermone dociles,
Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 120.—Of a single expression:si quis ita legaverit: Fructus annuos, etc., perinde accipi debet hic sermo, ac si, etc.,
Dig. 7, 1, 20; 11, 7, 2, § 1; 28, 5, 29.— Hence, of a single word (late Lat.): deos sermo Graecus est, Cassiod. in Psa. 21, 1.
См. также в других словарях:
LABARUM vel LABORUM — vexillum militare, a temporibus Constantini Mag. qui contra Maxentium pugnaturus, signo in aere viso, cum verbis: Ε᾿ν τούτῳ νΐκα, In hoc vince, confirmatus, paulo post felici eventu conflixit. Erat autem hasta longa, cum ligno in apice transverso … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
NARTHEX — Graece Νάρθηξ, ferula proprie. Plin. l. 13. c. 22. Ferula calidis nascitur locis atque trans maria geniculatis nodata scapis. Duo eius genera, Nartheca Groeci vocant assurgentem in altitunem. Nartheciam vero semper bumilem. E qua quia prima… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
MAEOTIS — palus Scythica, iuxta Tanais ostium, Cimmerio Bosphoro a Ponto Euxino discreta, ita dicta ab accolis, qui Maeotae appellantur. Lucan. l. 3. v. 277. Quaque fretum torrens Maeotidis egerit undas. Hinc Maeoticus. Virgil. Aen. 6. v. 798. Iam nunc et… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
ARGO — navis in qua Iason cum 54. Heroibus Thessalis Colchos navigavit. Denominis ratione variant Ecymologi. Sententiae eorum ad sex classes revocari possunt. Primo Nonnullis dicta videtur ab Architecti, cuius nomen Argos: de quo Val. Flacc. l. 1. v. 93 … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
POCULUM — I. POCULUM primo vola fuit, quod Diogenes non erubuit didicisse, a quodam, quem cavâ manu exceptam auqam oriadmovere vidit, abiectô hinc vasculo suô potoriô, tamquam supellectile non necessariâ, eius simplicitatem in posterum imitaturus. Verum… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
